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中庸&论语TheDoctrineoftheMean&TheConfucianAnalectsEL111谢冰玉中庸TheDoctrineoftheMean•TheDoctrineoftheMeanisanotheressayinTheBookofRites(《礼记》）.AsisterchaptertoTheGreatLerning（《大学》）,isabouttheConfucianismphilosophyoflife.AccodingtotheConfucianscholarsoftheSongDynasty,whileTheGreatlearningisagatewaytoperfectvirtue,TheDoctrineoftheMeanteachesthewaysoftheworld.ZhongyongortheMean,atypicalConfucianconcept,iscomposedoftwoChinesecharaters.Zhongmeansneithertoomanynottoofew,neithertoomuchnortoolittle;•andyongmeansneitheroutstatndingnorcommon.Therefore,accordingtotheConfucianscholars,whatevertheydoandwhomevertheyhappentodealwith,peopleshouldalwaysadheretothisprinciple.Thisisthespirtofthehappymedium,whichisindeedthehighestprincipleofConfucianismregardingthewaysoflife.Thebook,writtenintheearlyHanDynasty,wassaidtobecomposedbyZisi,agrandsonofConfucius`,anditwaslaterpasseddowntoMencius.ZhuXidividedthebookinto33chapters.ThefirstchapterisPandect（总论）.Accordingtothebook,loyalty,filialpiety,benevolenceandloveareallparthumannature.Everythingwillbefineprovidedpeople•letnaturetakeitscourse.However,thefactisnoteverybodycandoso.Thereforeitisnecessaryforpeopletoreceiveeducation,andtrytoperfectthemselves.Ifeveryonemakesstrictdemandsonhimself/herself,anddoseeverythingaccordingtotheConfucianrites,thentherelationsbetweenthekingandtheminister,thefatherandthesonwilleventuallybeharmonized,andthesocietywillgosmoothly.ThisiswhatiscalledtheConfucianWayoftheHeart.Unfortunatelythisisnoteasilyachievedinthereallife.Asaresult,anewconceptchengorsincerityisputforwardinTheDoctrineofehMean,whichisalsoregardedaspartofhumannature.Ifpeoplearealwayssincerebycultivatingthemselves.Onlythiscan•helpthemtofollwotherightway,thatis,thegoldenmean.中庸节选•天命之谓性，率性之谓道，修道之谓教。•WhatHeavenhasconferrediscalledTheNature;anaccordancewiththisnatureiscalledThePathofduty;theregulationofthispathiscalledInstruction.•道也者，不可须臾离也，可离非道也。是故君子戒慎乎其所不睹，恐惧乎其所不闻。莫见乎隐，莫显乎微，故君子慎其独也。•Thepathmaynotbeleftforaninstant.Ifitcouldbeleft,itwouldnotbethepath.Onthisaccount,thesuperiormandoesnotwaittillheseesthings,tobecautious,nortillhehearsthings,tobeapprehensive•Thereisnothingmorevisiblethanwhatissecret,andnothingmoremanifestthanwhatisminute.Thereforethesuperiormaniswatchfuloverhimself,whenheisalone.论语TheConfucianAnalects•TheConfucianAnalectsorTheAnalectsisacollectionofthesayingsandteachingsofConfuciusandhisdisciples.ItwascomplesmadeaccordingtotheanswerstheMastergavetotheirquestions.DuringtheHanDynasty,thereweretwoversionsofTheAnalects,theOldTextsandtheNewTexts.Theoldversionswascomposedof21chapters,andtherewereasmanyasthreeNewTextsversions:theQiversionof20chapters,theLuversionof20chaptersandananonymousversionof19chapters,allofwhicharenonexistenttoday.•Thepresent-dayAnalectsisbasedontheLuvision,whichembodiestheConfucianconceptofrenorhumanlityorbenevolence.Renisrichincontent,andvariedinform.ThecoreoftheconceptisThebenevolentloveothersoruniversallove,whichisthebasicvirtueofagentlemanofnoblecharacter.Confuciusbelievesthatbeingbenevolentdoesnotmeanbeingwithoutprinciples.Oneshouldbeclearaboutwahttoloveorhate.Rencomesfromlearningandself-cultivation;itcanbeseenfromaperson`sappearance.Sureenoughliorritesandyue.Withoutren,lioryuewouldbemeaningless.Apartfromren,Confuciusputforwardanotherconcept,whichisyiorrighteousness.Yiisthecoddsofconductunderthe•theguidanceofren.Whilethegentlemancherishesarespectforthelaw,thesmallmancherishesgeneroustreatment.Inshort,TheAnalectsisterseandrefinedinlanguage,andrichanvariedinform.论语选句•吾日三省吾身。为人谋，而不忠乎？与朋友交，而不信乎？传，不习乎？•EverydayIexaminemyselfonthesethreepoints:inactingonbehalfofothers,haveIalwaysbeenloyaltotheirinterests?Inintercoursewithmyfriends,haveialwaysbeentruetomyword?Haveifailedtorepeatthepreceptsthathavebeenhandeddowntome?•夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之（政policy)。•Ourmastergetsthingsbybeingcordial,frank,courteous,temperate,deferential.ThatisourMaster'swayofenquiring--averydifferentmatter.•礼之用，和为贵。Intheusagesofritualitisharmonythatisprized.•学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。Hewholearnsbutdoesnotthink,islost.Hewhothinksbutdoesnotlearnisingreatdanger.•见义不为，无勇也。•Toseewhatisrightandnotdoitiscowardice.