高中语法专项复习虚拟语气讲解课件

SubjunctiveMood一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气1.时态一致2.混合条件句3.含蓄条件句4.倒装句5.Ifonly感叹二、名词性从句的虚拟语气：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式wish、asif/though、wouldrather、It’stime…It’snecessary/strange/natural/inportant+that从句陈述语气陈述事实或提出看法,有肯定,否定,疑问或感叹等形式Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.祈使语气请求,邀请,命令,警告或劝告等Let’sgo.Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.一.语气的分类虚拟语气虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气一、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以do为例)：虚拟语气在在条件从句中表示与事实情况相反条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况过去式(did)(be常用were)Would/could/might/should(用于第1人称)+动词原形(do)表示过去情况过去完成式(had+done)Would/could/might/should+havedone表示将来情况①过去式(did)/(were)②should+do③weretodoWould/could/might/should+do虚拟语气3、省略if的条件从句当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。•IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,…•Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Shouldhefailintheexperiment…Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.虚拟语气在在条件从句中Hadyoucomeafew….2.含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是：butfor,without,otherwise等。如：Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen-doorpolicy.没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。Iwassobusythen,Otherwise,Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。3.名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command四个建议：advise,suggest,propose,recommend六个要求：demand,require,request,desire,ask,urge这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中注意:insist/suggest各有两意思，要用不同的语气①表“坚决要求”,虚拟,should+do;②表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。①表“建议”，虚拟,should+do;②表“表明、暗示”，用陈述语气。Theteachersuggestedthatwe______________moreafterclass.（我们课后多练习）Thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshe________happyHeinsistedthatallofus___________thereontimebyanymeans.（我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）Heinsistedthathe_____________thewallet(没有偷钱包).insistsuggest(should)practisewasshouldbeHadn’tstolen以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)＋V.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.二：虚拟语气特殊句型：1.wish的宾语从句现在：过去：将来：过去时（did/were）过去完成时would/could/might+V.should1.IwishIwereabird.（现在）2.IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.（过去）3.Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.（将来）asif,asthough引起的从句，其用法同wish构成的宾语从句一样Asif/though和wish用法相同Helooksasifheweredrunk.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberedthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.2.wouldrather(that)现在：过去：将来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时3.It’s(about/high)time+(that)…should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.(Should不可省略)4.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.5.Ifonly…要是就好了IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!3、含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是：butfor,without,otherwise等。如：Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen-doorpolicy.没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。Iwassobusythen,Otherwise,Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。2、错综时间的虚拟句通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句指现在,主句指过去)。2.IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwithmethismorning,Iwouldnotbewetnow.(从句指过去,主句指现在)。3.Ifwehadn’tbeenworkinghardinthepastfewyears,thingswouldn’tbegoingsosmoothly.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。4.Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。5.Ifwehadnotgoteverythingreadybynow,weshouldbehavingamoreterribletimetomorrow.（从句指现在，主句指将来）虚拟语气Exercises虚拟语气3.IfonlyI___tomyparents!(ButIdidn’t.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten4.TomsuggestedthatAnn___thehouse.A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsell5.Iwishthisbus___totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgone虚拟语气6.Simonlooksasthoughhenever___asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget7.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe___there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been8.I___yousomemoney,butIhadn’tgotanythen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent虚拟语气9.–HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?--No,butIwishI___.A.haveB.willC.doD.had10.Idon’tthinkitistherighttimethatyou__.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo11.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit＿＿＿＿.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken虚拟语气•12.(2003上海春季高考题)LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI___