高中语法之连词 名词性从句

连词conjunction连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分。用来连接词，短语，从句与句子。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词从属连词一.并列连词表示词，短语，从句或句子之间具有并列关系。可以表示平行关系，转折关系，选择关系和因果关系。and(和)both…and（和,两者都）neither…nor（既不…也不…）notonly…butalso(不但…而且…)aswellas(和,也,除…外,而且)1.表示平行关系的连词：aswell(也,而且,)用于句末.aswell/aswellas:Heisascientist,butheisapoet___________.Heisascientist____________apoet.aswellaswellas2.表示转折关系的连词:but;while(然而);yet(可是);however(而)3.表示选择关系的连词or(或则,否则);otherwise(要不然);either…or…(或者…或者)4.表示因果关系的连词so;for（因为）;therefore（因此）注意：and/or还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。1.Makeupyourmind,andyou‘llgetthechance.=Ifyoumakeupyourmind,you'llgetthechance.2.Onemoreeffort,andyou'llsucceed.=Ifyoumakeonemoreeffort,you'llsucceed.3.Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.but表示转折，while表示对比。Somepeoplelovecats,_______othershatethem.---Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?---I'dliketo,_____I'mtoobusy.whilebut二.从属连词是用来引导连接主句和从句的连词。分为引导名词性从句的连词,定语从句的连词和引导状语从句的连词。名词性从句(一)Nounclauses名词性从句的定义在一个句子中，名词能作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。当我们在一个句子中用一个句子来担当主语、宾语、表语和同位语时，这个句子就叫做主语从句、或宾语从句、或表语从句、或同位语从句。这些从句的统称为名词性从句。1.Heaskedifshewouldcome.2.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.3.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.4.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.Practicetime：Predicativeclause（表语从句）Subjectclause（主语从句）Appositionclause（同位语从句）Objectclause(宾语从句）引导名词性从句的引导词在语法上称为连接词。而连接词又根据它们在句子中的不同作用又被划分为：连接词：that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which（主语或宾语）连接副词：when,where,how,why（状语）1.所有名词性从句都用陈述句语序；2.主语、表语和同位语从句中的that不能省略；3.主语、表语和同位语从句中只能用whether不能用if.TheSubjectClause（主语从句）:1.that/what区别2.that引导的主语从句可转换为it作形式主语的句型1.___hewillcometothediscussioniscertain.2.___Ilikebestisabook.3.___Ilikethebookbestisknowntoeveryone.4.___shelookedaftertheoldpatientawholeyearmovesusall.5.___puzzledthepolicewashowthemurdererdied.6.___surprisedmemostwasthatshelookedaftertheoldpatientawholeyear.thebookThatWhatThatThatWhatWhatThat不充当成分What充当主语或宾语1．____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave．A．What，whatB.What，thatC.That，thatD.That，what2.____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent．A．WhatB．ThatC．ThefactD．ThematterAAThePredicativeClause（表语从句）:1.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.2.Wenzhouisnotwhatitusedtobe.3.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.4.Whatshewantstoknowiswhichbooksheshouldbuy.5.Thatiswhyhefailedtheexam.6.Thatwasbecausehedidn'tpasstheexam.名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导,不用because.表语从句中的that,because和why•Thereasonwhyshewaslatewas______hedidn’tcatchthebus.•Shewaslate.That’s________shedidn’tcatchthebus.（强调原因）•Shedidn’tcatchthebus.That’s______shewaslate.(强调结果）thatbecausewhyTheObjectClause（宾语从句）:•主要考察语序、连接词和时态一致注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略1.Ihear(that)_______________________.（一小时后他会回来）2.Theteachertoldus(that)___________________________.（地球围着太阳转）hewillbebackinanhourtheearthmovesaroundthesun由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句1.Heasked__________________________.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_________________________.（他们在等谁）3.Heasked__________________________________.（谁的书法是班上最好的）5.Pleasetellme_______________________.（我们什么时候开会）6.Canyoutellme_______________.（他在哪儿）7.Couldyoutellme_______________________.（我该怎么去车站）8.Wouldyoutellme_________________（为什么火车迟到了）whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句1.Iwanttoknow__________________________________.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Askhim_____________________.（他是否能来）3.Idon’tknow___________________________.（是否要下雨）if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornot当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.同位语从句跟在某些名词，如：idea,news,fact,promise、thought、reply、report、question、hope、word、suggestion、doubt等的后面,用来表示它们的具体内容,引导词有连词that,副词how,when,where等。TheAppositionClause（同位语从句）:1.Ihavenoideathathehasalreadygoneabroad.2.Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheentranceexaminationmadeherparentsveryhappy.3.Thetexttellsusafactthatsmokingdoesgreatharmtopeople'shealth.4.Hecan'tanswerthequestionhowhegotthemoney.同位语从句PK定语从句•1.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwonthegame.•2.Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.1.同位语从句中，that是连词，不充当成分。2.定语从句中，that起连接作用外，还充当成分。3.同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，定语从句与前面的名词是所属关系，起修饰作用。4.同位语从句的连词that一般不能省略，定语从句中，作宾语的that常可省略。定语从句同位语从句Practice:判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句•1.TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.•2.ThehopethatsheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.•3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknown•tousall.•4.Ican'tstandtheterriblenoisethatsheiscryingloudly.同位语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句Whether/if辨析：表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether:a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句d.介词后的宾语从句e.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)f.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用ifg.作discuss等动词的宾语时，用whether不用if。if/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.______wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherif/whether6.Thequestionis_________heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion______theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idon’tknow_______togo.9.______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’ll