专四英语语法考点考点一虚拟语气•考点1.与现在事实相反。•从句谓语动词用did(be用were),•主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do;•if…+did/were,…should/would/could/might+do•IfIwereyou,Iwould….•考点2.与将来事实相反。•从句谓语动词用:did(should+do或were+todo),•主句谓语动词用:would(should,could,might)+do。•if…+did;should/wereto+do,…should/would/could/might+do•。•考点3.与过去事实相反。•从句谓语动词用haddone,•主句谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+havedone;•if…had+done,…should/would+have+done•HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she_______muchbetterresultsnow.•A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegot•C.mustgetD.wouldget•考点4.虚拟条件句if可以省略,但从句的语序要用到装,即将were,had或should移至主语的前面形成倒装,但否定词not不前移。•例如:•65.___,hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly.(05年)•A.Hadn'thebeentakengoodcareof•B.Hadhenotbeentakengoodcareof•C.Hadnothebeentakengoodcareof•D.Hadhebeennottakengoodcareof•考点5.insist(一个坚持);ordercommand(两道命令);suggest,advise,propose(三条建议);ask,require,request,demand(四点要求)及相应的名词的从句,谓语要使用:should+动词原形或动词原形例如:•58.Itwasrecommendedthatpassengers___smokeduringtheflight.(04年)•A.notB.neednotC.couldnotD.wouldnot•考点6.Itis+advisable,essential,important,,imperative,incredible,strange,natural,necessary等等相关的从句,谓语要使用:should+动词原形或动词原形•考点7.itishigh(about)timethat的结构中,从句使用一般过去式。•例如:•It’stimethatwedidourhomework.•注意与以下两种句型的区别:•(1)it’stime(+for+sb.)+动词不定式,该句型表示“时间刚好做某事”,是陈述语气,表达一种事。•如:it’stimeforustohavearest.我们该休息了。•(2)it’sthefirst(second/third)time+that从句,该句型中的that从句要用完成式,表示一种经历。•如:it’sthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.这是我第一次到这儿来。•考点8.muchas尽管,虽然,引导让步状语从句,从句中用wouldhavedone表示假设,可以使说话人的语气变得十分委婉,真诚。•例如:•52.Muchas____,Icouldn’tlendhimthemoneybecauseIsimplydidn’thavethatmuchsparecash.(99年)•A.IwouldhavelikedtoB.Iwouldliketohave•C.IshouldhavetolikeD.Ishouldhavelikedto•考点9.ifonly表示要是…就好了相当与wish,asif/asthough的用法。与现在事实相反:动词过去式与过去事实相反:had+done与将来事实相反:could/would+do•例如:•52.IfonlyI__playtheguitaraswellasyou!(06年)•AwouldBcouldCshouldDmight考点10由某些表示条件或假设的介词、连词或介词短语组成的虚拟条件句。如:butfor(若非)butthat,(若非)onconditionthat(如果),supposing,provided(假设,如果),without,etc.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Providedthatyouhadtheopportunitytogoabroad,wherewouldyougo?(1)人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表:数单数复数格主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyouhehimtheythem第三人称shehertheythemitittheythem如:Heismyfriend.他是我的朋友。It'sme.是我。(2)物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,表示“**的”和“**的(东西)”。数单数复数人称第一第二第三第一第二第三人称人称人称人称人称人称形容词性myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir物主代词名词性mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs物主代词如:Ilike___car.(我喜欢他的小汽车。)____schoolishere,and_______isthere.(我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。)hisOurtheirs考点二情态动词(表虚拟)•考试中,情态动词部分重点测试以下内容:(1)情态动词+行为动词完成式•(2)某些情态动词的特殊用法1.musthavev-edmusthavev-ed表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。其否定形式为:can’t/couldn’thavev-ed,表示过去不可能发生某事。•例如:Sincetheditchisfullofwater,itmusthaverainedlastnight.•2.couldhavev-ed表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生,本可以做某事•3.may/mighthavev-ed表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may比might表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。•4.oughtto/shouldhavev-ed和oughtnotto/shouldn’thavev-ed用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”,分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”表示应完成而未完成的动作用于完成时中的否定句,表示不应完成但已做的动作•5.needn’thavev-ed表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要,意为“本没必要…”。•例如:Youneedn’thavewakenmeup;Idon’thavetogotoworktoday.•注意:didnotneedtodo动作并没发生•例:Ididn’tneedtogetupearly,soIgotupuntil9a.m.•一般过去将来时•表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。常用的动词有:said,asked,thought,knew,told等。•过去将来时的构成(句型如下:)•肯定句:主语+be(was,were)goingto+动词原形+其它•否定句:主语+be(was,were)notgoingto+动词原形+其它•疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+goingto+动词原形+其它•肯定句:主语+would(shouldwould)+动词原形+其它•否定句:主语+would(shouldwould)not+动词原形+其它•疑问句:Would(Shouldwould)+主语+动词原形+其它•alotof/lotsof/plentyof(前面不加a)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词.•many,few,afew,quiteafew,agreat/goodmany,anumberof只能修饰可数名词;•much,little,alittle,agreatdealof/anamountof只能修饰不可数名词主谓一致•agreatmany+可数名词复数谓语用复数•manya+可数名词单数谓语用单数•anumberof+可数名词复数谓语用复数•thenumberof+可数名词复数谓语用单数•themajorityof+可数名词复数谓语用复数•neither/eitherof+可数名词复数谓语用单数•morethanone+可数名词单数谓语用单数•oneandahalf+可数名词复数谓语用单数•反意疑问句•Haveto•*反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有haveto时,附加疑问句通常用助动词do。•*Youhavetostudyhard,don'tyou?•*Idon’thavetogetupearly,doI?•*Theyhadtoobeytherulesandregulationsoftheschool,didn’tthey?•*Shedidn’thavetodoitherself,didshe?•Need•*反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有need时,need做情态动词,附加疑问句仍用need,但当need做实义动词时,附加问句用助动词do。•*Theyneedn'tmakesuchaloudnoise,needthey?•*Heneedsthemoneyforhisson’seducation,doesn’the?•Hadbetter•*反意疑问句的陈述部分为hadbetter时,附加问用助动词had。•*Youhadbettergoatonce,hadn'tyou?•*We’dbettercalloffourappointment,hadn’twe?•Wouldrather•*反意疑问句的陈述部分为wouldrather时,附加问句用情态动词would。•*You'drathernotdoit,wouldyou?•*Shewouldratherdiethansurrendertotheenemy,wouldn’tshe?•Usedto•*反意疑问句的陈述部分为usedto时,附加问句用助动词did。•*YouusedtostayuplateeveryeveningwatchingTV,didn’tyou?•Oughtto•*反意疑问句的陈述部分为oughtto时,附加问句用助动词should.•*Sheoughttogobyplane,shouldn'tshe?•*Weoughtnottolaughatothers’mistakes,shouldwe?•Must•*反意疑问句的陈述部分有must,附加问句分三种情况:•*⑴mustdo—mustn't•*⑵mustbe—随人称用系动词一般现在时•*⑶musthavedone—didn't•*①Wemustbooktheticketinadvance,mustn‘twe?(必须)•*②Shemustbeintheoffice,isn’tshe?(肯定)对现在事情的肯定猜测。•*③Hemusthavedonehishomework,didn‘the?(肯定)对过去事情的肯定猜测。•反意疑问句的陈述部分是wish时,附加问句用情态动词may。•*Iwishtoshakehandswithyou,mayI?强调句型•****Itis/was+…+that/who可强调主语,宾语,状语等。•*Itwasshethat/whovisitedSingaporewithherparents;•*ItwasSingapo