新目标初中英语句子成分讲解

初中句子成分讲解Tracy简单句的五个基本句型主语＋谓语动词(不及物动词)Shecame．/Myheadaches.主语＋谓语动词(及物动词)＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语＋系动词＋表语Sheishappy．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(双宾语)ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.主语（subject）:Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）句子说明的人或物。谓语（predicate）（动词）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。：want，wish，hope，promise，decide，agree，choose，care等。如：Ihopetoseeyouagain.有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。如：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss，suggest，keep(on)等。如：Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow？有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。forgettodo表示“未发生的动作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的动作”。如：Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(还没来)Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(书已还给他了)stoptodo(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事，去做另一件事”，stopdoing表示“停止做某事”。如：Istoppedtotalkwithhim.(我停下来与他谈话。)Thestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)常见的系动词有:be,感官动词：sound，look，smell,taste，feel半系动词：remain,keep,stay,get,turn,becomeItsoundslikeagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.感官动词+adj感官动词+like+nItsoundslikeagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.感官动词+adj感官动词+like+n表语（predicative）:Heisateacher.（名词）Ihaveacake，canyoutasteit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Myjobistorepaircars（不定式）宾语：IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.（形容词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）动作的承受者（放在动词后）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.【注意】有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，show,send,lend,pass,tell，leave等。如：Heboughtmeabook.直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如：HanChenlentsomemoneytoLiHai.XiaoLiuboughtadictionaryforTom.宾补：Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名词）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如使役动词：make,let,have等对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Make\have\let+sb\sth+adjMake\have\let+sb+dosth(被动用todo)Eg:Iwanttomakeyouhappy.Thebossmadetheworkersworkunderwater.=Theworkersweremadetoworkunderwater.定语：Mr.Liisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子状语：Iwillgotheretomorrow.时间Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.地点Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.原因HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.目的用来修饰动词、形容词Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.结果Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.程度Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.条件Hegoestoschoolbybike.方式Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.让步简单句的类型陈述句：肯定句，否定句疑问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，反义疑问句祈使句：肯定祈使句，否定祈使句感叹句否定句的变化：句中有be动词，情态动词，助动词的，在be动词，情态动词，助动词后加not.Eg:It’snotcoldinsummer.Ican’tdoitmyself.Theyhaven’tbeentoShanghai.句中动词是实意动词的，在动词前加助动词(don’t,doesn’t,didn’t),动词还原成原形。Eg:Hedoesn’tliketigers.Shedidn’tgoshopping.疑问句的变化:一般疑问句：句中有be动词，情态动词，助动词的，be动词，情态动词，助动词提到句首。(人称作相应变化)Eg:Isitcoldinsummer.Canyoudoityourself.HavetheybeentoShanghai.句中动词是实意动词的，在句首加相应的助动词(do,does,did),动词还原成原形。Eg:Doesheliketigers.DidShegoshopping.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Eg:Whydoesheliketigers.WhendidShegoshopping.祈使句：表命令，用动词原形开头Eg:Useyourhead,thenyouwillfindaway.祈使句的否定，在动词原形前加don’t.Eg:Don’tsmokeinschool.感叹句：what引导的感叹句结构有三种：(强调名词)1.What+(a/an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓！2．What+形容词+可数名词复数+主谓！3．What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓！how引导的感叹句结构有：（强调形容词）1.How+形容词+a\an+可数名词单数+主谓！2.How+副词+主谓！Eg:Howquicklyheruns!Eg(1)多美丽的一朵玫瑰花呀!Howbeautifularoseitis!Whatabeautifulroseitis!(2)多晴朗的天气呀!Howsunnytheweatheris!Whatsunnyweatheritis!(3)这些学生是多么聪明呀!Howcleverthestudentsare!Whatcleverstudentstheyare!