搜索
定语从句复习定语从句定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。先行词是物先行词是人定语地点状语时间状语主宾主宾关系代词whichthatwhowhomwhose关系副词wherewhen注：1.介词提前时一般只用which和whom。2.whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich/ofwhom关系词的种类关系代词关系副词起着代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语起着副词或介词短语和连词的作用，在从句中充当状语Theman(whoisstandingthere)ismybrother.关系词的作用：①代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分②把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句关系代词引导的定语从句两个简单句：Amanisstandingthere.Themanismybrother.=主从复合句：Themanwhoisstandingthereismybrother.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词先行词一般是名词或代词关系代词：引导定语从句的词Ihaveasister.+SheworksinShanghai.=Ihaveasister___________worksinShanghai.Translate:他想要见的人在上海。Hewantstoseetheman.+ThemanisinShanghai.=Theman______________hewantstoseeisinShanghai.Haveyoufoundthepen?+Youlostityesterday.=Haveyoufoundthepen___________youlostyesterday?who/thatwho/whom/that(that/which)Doyouknowthegirl?+Hermotherworkshere.=Doyouknowthegirl________motherworkshere?Iliveinaroom.+itswindowfacessouth.=Iliveinaroom________windowfacessouth.whosewhose=Iliveinaroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.ofwhichthewindowThisisthehouse.+Iwasborninthehouse.（介词短语）=Iwasbornthere（副词).=Thisisthehouse_______Iwasborn.=____which注意区别：Thisisthehouse____________Iwasbornin.(which/that)wherein关系副词和介词+which引导的定语从句Wewillneverforgettheday.+wewillholdtheOlympicGamesonthatday.=Wewillneverforgettheday______wewillholdtheOlympicGames.____which注意区别：Iwillneverforgettheday____________Ispentwithyoulastyear.(which/that)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelefthere.=forwhichwhenon注意：1.Thankyouforthebookthatyougaveittomeyesterday.在定语从句中，关系代词已代替了前面的先行词，所以在从句中不能在重复了。what不能用于定语从句中2.Tellmeanythingwhatyouknow.Tellmewhatyouknow.thattellsb.sth,3.在介词＋whom/which结构中，介词的选择Iwillneverforgettheday____whichIreachedtheGreatWall.Tellmethetime_____whichthetrainleaves.Thisisthehero_____whomweareproud.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.tothatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom根据先行词来判断根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判断onatofbeproudof;turntosb.forhelp4.（名词、代词、数词、最高级＋）of＋whom/which结构中，表所属关系，”…当中的…”Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthatisTaiwan.whichThere54studentsinourclass,mostofthemareboys.whom5.在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：①that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句②why不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用forwhiche.g.Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.③在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用whom，不能用who替换，也不能省略Hiswife,______youmetatmyhome,wasateacher.A.whomB.whoC.thatD.whose引导定语从句的关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhosethat即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.主语2)ThenoodlesthatIsawweredelicious.宾语3)Let’saskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.主语4)ThegirlthatwesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.宾语）2.Which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物1)Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.(主语)2)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.（宾语）3.whowhom在从句中分别作主语和宾语(口语中who也可作宾语)1)TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.（主语）2)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.（主语）4)Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.（宾语）3)ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.（宾语）在以疑问词who开头的句子中,或关系代词在从句中作表语时,用that,不用who。Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.NOTE3)Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.4.whose在从句中作定语，指人或物1)MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.2)Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof.关系代词which，whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常有“介词+which（或whom）”引出。Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecityinwhichtheylive.Thisistheoldmanfromwhomwe’velearntalot.(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.(2)先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。Weweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinourschool.关系代词that和which的区别1.宜用that引导的定语从句(3)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which,who，或whom。例如：ThisisthemostimpressiveTVtheaterthathasneverbeenputonshowbefore.这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess.那是通向你成功的唯一之路。Wehavetoconsiderthefirstthingthatstartsourwork.我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。2.宜用which引导的定语从句当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。Thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。Heboughtarailwayticketforthewoman,whichhelpedheralot.as,which非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.heItrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it(3)当先行词受such,thesame，as,so修饰时，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思(2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。Asisknowntoall,...关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，