2012届高考英语(一轮)复习课件(译林版湖南用)考点10 状语从句

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Part2考点10Part2语法专题考点10状语从句对状语从句的考查在湖南高考中主要出现在单项填空部分。1.主要考查的知识点:(1)状语从句连接词的选用(2)状语从句的时态复习重点:(1)9大类状语从句的连接词的使用(2)状语从句与主句的时态关系2.如何应对状语从句的考查(1)对连接词的考查:解题时,首先认真分析题干句的句子结构,结合4个选项,比较每个选项的连接词的意义及用法区别,再判断该选用哪一个。(2010·湖南)Timisingoodshapephysically______hedoesn'tgetmuchexercise.A.ifB.eventhoughC.unlessD.aslongas思路点拨:分析题干句可知空格处应为从句hedoesn'tgetmuchexercise的连接词,比较从句和主句的关系可知前后是让步转折关系,再根据句意:“尽管Tim不经常锻炼,但他身材很好。”可判断选B项。(2)对从句时态的考查:解题时,要分析主句的时态,判断主句和从句的时态之间的关系,从而确定从句的时态。(2010·重庆)Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit______onthemarketin1973.A.hadcomeB.hascomeC.cameD.comes思路点拨:主句的时态为完成时,since引导的从句时态通常为一般过去时,故答案选C。顾名思义,状语从句在句子中充当状语,表示主句动作发生的时间、地点、条件、方式、目的、比较、原因、结果等。状语从句是历年高考题的重点,主要考查学生对连词的应用及句子间的逻辑关系的掌握情况。常见的状语从句有下列9大类。熟读深思1.时间状语从句用适当的连词填空(1)Iwasdoingsomecookingwhenthedoorbellrang.(2)Whilewalkingacrossthecar,theboywasknockedoverbyarunningcar.(3)Astimegoesby,wegrowup.(4)IhadfelthungrybeforeIarrivedhome.(5)IthasbeenfouryearssinceIcametoShanghai.熟读深思(6)Isleptuntiltheclockalarmed.(7)Ididn'tsleepuntilmyfathercameback.(8)ShegavearingtoherparentsimmediateshelandedinJapan.[改错](immediate→immediately)(9)Nosoonerhadwehadsupperwhenwebegantorepairthemachine.[改错](when→than)(10)AteverytimeIseethefilm,Ican'thelprecallingmychildhoodinthecountryside.[改错](Ateverytime→Everytime)归纳总结时间状语从句常用连词有:when/while/as;before/after;since;until;assoonas/instantly/immediately/themoment/theminute/thesecond;nosooner…than/hardly…when;thefirsttime/everytime/eachtime/nexttime…规则1:when通常意思为:当……时候;正在那时……,如:(1)。规则2:while从句用延续性动词,意思为:在……期间,如:(2)。规则3:as表示主句和从句的动作几乎同步进行。意思为:一边……,一边……;随着……,如:(3)。归纳总结规则4:before意思为:在……之前;还没来得及;……才,如:(4)。规则5:since“自从……以来”;是现在完成时的标志,如:(5)。规则6:until在肯定句中,表示动作持续“到……为止”,如:(6)。在否定句中,常与not连用,表示动作“直到……才”,如:(7)。归纳总结规则7:assoonas/immediately/instantly/directly/themoment/theminute/thesecond/theinstant意为“一……就……”,如:(8)。规则8:nosooner…than…/hardly…when…“刚……就……”。注意:此句型常将否定词置于句首,主句为部分倒装,主句时态用haddone;从句用did,如:(9)。规则9:everytime每当,每次;thefirsttime第一次……时候,nexttime下次……时,如:(10)。熟读深思2.条件状语从句完成句子(1)Theywill_play_basketballafterschooliftheyfinishtheirwork.如果他们完成了作业,放学后就打篮球。(2)Iwill_not_attendthemeetingunlessIaminvited.我不会去参加会议,除非得到邀请。条件状语从句常用连词有:if/unless/once/aslongas/solongas/onconditionthat…/provided/providingthat…/suppose/supposingthat…/saythat…/let‘ssaythat…等。规则1:条件状语从句中,若主句用将来时,从句则用一般现在时,如:(1)。规则2:unless=if…not,意思是“如果不/没有……”,如:(2)。归纳总结熟读深思3.原因状语从句用适当的连词填空(1)It'sbecausehelikesdancingthathesaysdancingisveryeasy.(2)Thedayhasbroken,forthebirdsaresingingnow.(3)Sinceyoucan'tanswerthequestion,I'llasksomeoneelse.(4)Asit'sdark,we'dbettergooffworknow.(5)Now_thatyoufeelsick,youcanhavearestinbed.(6)Whydoyouwanttofindanewjobwhenyouhaveagoodjobalready?(7)Hisrequestisunreasonableinthatheknowswecan'taffordit.归纳总结原因状语从句的常见连词:because,for,since,as,nowthat,when等。规则1:because表示直接的、必然的原因,不能与so连用。常用来回答why所提的问题。在强调句型中,若强调原因,只能用because,即Itisbecause…that…,如:(1);而for表示推理性的补充说明的原因,不能放在句首,如:(2)。规则2:since表示众所周知的原因,“既然”,常放在句首,如:(3)。归纳总结规则3:as表示客观原因,“由于”,常放在句首,如:(4)。规则4:nowthat通常表示用新出现的情况作为原因,“既然”,如:(5)。规则5:when意为“既然……”(有轻微的责备口吻),如:(6)。规则6:inthat从句,意为“原因是……;因为……”,如:(7)。熟读深思4.结果状语从句完成句子(1)Thehouseisso_expensive_that(如此昂贵)Ican‘taffordit.(2)Thisisso_interesting_a_book(如此有趣的一本书)thatweallwanttoreadit.(3)Thereareso_many_new_words(如此多的生词)inthepassagethatIcan'tunderstandit.(4)Heissuch_a_clever_boy(如此聪明的男孩)thatwealllikehim.归纳总结规则:结果状语从句常见连词:so…that…/such…that…意为“如此……以至于……”。主要有下面的几个句型:①…so+adj./adv.+that…如:(1)。②so+adj.+a/an+n.+that…如:(2)。③somany/few/much/little+n.(可数名词复数或不可数名词)+that…如:(3)。④such+a/an+adj.+n.+that…如:(4)。⑤such+adj.+n.(不可数名词或可数名词复数)+that…熟读深思5.目的状语从句用适当的连词填空(1)Wegotupearlyin_order_that(为了)wecouldcatchthefirstbus.(2)Wegotupearlyfor_fear_that/lest/in_case_that(以免)weshouldmissthefirstbus.归纳总结目的状语从句常见的连词有:(1)inorderthat/sothat…意为“为了……”;(2)incasethat/forfearthat/lest意为“以免;以防”等。规则1:sothat/inorderthat+从句(从句用can/could/may/might+动词原形),如:(1)。规则2:forfearthat/incasethat+从句,意为“以防,万一……”,从句可以用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,如:(2)。熟读深思6.地点状语从句用适当的连词填空(1)Makeamarkwhereyouhaveproblems.(2)Iwillfindhimwhereverhemaybe.归纳总结地点状语从句常见的连词有:1.where在……地方,如:(1)。2.wherever无论在……地方,如:(2)。熟读深思7.让步状语从句用适当的让步状语从句连词填空(1)Althoughheisrich,heneverwastesacoin.(2)Richmanasheis,heworkshard.(3)Hardasheworked,hefailed.(4)Tryashemight,Tomcouldnotgetoutofthedifficulty.(5)Even_ifitsnowstomorrow,weshallstillgoonbusiness.(6)No_matter_who(=Whoever)breakstherule,hewillbepunished.(7)Whetheryougoornottomorrow,wewillgoouting.归纳总结规则1:although/though/while意为“虽然;尽管”,如:(1)。规则2:表语(形容词/名词)+as/though+主语+系动词+主句,句首名词前不加任何冠词,如:(2)。副词+as/though+主语+谓语动词+主句,如:(3)。动词原形+as/though+主语+might/may+主句,如:(4)。归纳总结规则3:evenif/eventhough意为“即使,纵然”。evenif侧重于假设;eventhough侧重于事实,如:(5)。规则4:Nomatterhow/what/where/who…;特殊疑问词+ever意为“无论怎么/什么/哪里/谁……”,如:(6)。规则5:whether…or…“无论是否……”,如:(7)。熟读深思8.方式状语从句(1)Thelightswereonasthougheveryonehadleftinahurry.(2)DotheexperimentasItoldyoujustnow.归纳总结规则1:“asif/asthough+从句”表示与客观事实不符的情况时,从句用虚拟语气,即表示现在或将来的情况用一般过去时,be用were;表示过去的情况用过去完成时,如:(1)。规则2:as意为“正如”,如:(2)。熟读深思9.比较状语从句(1)Chineseisas_beautiful_a_language_as_English.(和英语一样漂亮的语言)(2)Theydidn'tcometosc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