定语从句---关系代词的用法

TheAttributiveClause定语从句讲解（Ⅰ）学习目标：1明确并理解概念：定语从句，关系词。2掌握关系词的功能并能准确灵活运用。思考一：什么是定语从句？什么是先行词？什么是关系词？关系词的功能是什么？Thecarthatisunderthetreeismine.先行词放置于名词之_____，修饰名词的从句关系词连接作用1.2.在从句中充当成分后3指代先行词树下的那辆车是我的。thatThecar用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。1.Thestudents(whodon’tstudyhard)willnotpass先行词定语从句theexam.主句:Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.2.Thewoman(whomyousawinthepark)isour先行词定语从句Englishteacher.主句:ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.从句的主语：you从句的宾语：whom思考二：引导定语从句的引导词有哪些？组成成分：先行词+关系词+从句关系代词与关系副词关系代词:指人:who(主格),whom(宾格),whose(所有格)指物:which(主格,宾格),whose(所有格)指人或物:thatas关系副词:when,where,why思考三关系词与先行词的关系？关系代词的实质Jointhefollowingsentences:TheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.herTheladywesawyesterdayisGreenWho/that关系副词和先行词的关系IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Idon’tlikethewaythatyouspeak.ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=whyintheway=that关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词先行词和关系词的关系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.intheschool=where关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词themachine=thattheboy=whotheboy’s=whose关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格总结归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1)Aplaneisamachine________________canfly.2)Thecar_______________________myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.3)Thestudents________________don’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman___________________yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.5)Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks______________interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.which/thatwhich/that///who/thatwhom/that///thatFillintheblanks.1.Istillremembertheday_________wespentintheforest.2.Istillremembertheday____________IfirstcametoBeijing.3.Thefactory_________wewillvisitislarge.4.Thefactory___________hisfatherworksislarge.5.I’llneverforgetthetime_____________weworkonthefarm.6.Thisisthehouse____________welivedlastyear.that/whichwhen/onwhichthat/whichwherewhen/atwhichwhere/inwhich归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.Jointwosentencesintoone:Theboyismybrother.Hehelpedme.1.Theboywhohelpedmeismybrother.Thefilmisinteresting.Theysawitlastnight.2.Thefilmtheysawlastnightisinteresting.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tworkhard.3.Thestudentswhodon’tworkhardwillnotpasstheexam.1.Thatbookthatyouwantitisonthedesk.2.Isthisfactorythatwevisitedlastweek?theoneThisfactoryistheonethatwevisitedlastweek?3.Heisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking.for4.ThepersontowhomyoutalkedisLily.ThepersonwhomyoutalkedtoisLily.归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复2定语从句要避免漏用先行词3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_____________________hegave.whenwhichwherewhichwhythat/which几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词TheAttributiveClause定语从句讲解（Ⅱ）学习目标：1解读考纲，明确考点。2掌握并准确运用定语从句。3学习掌握非限制定语从句。考纲解读：定语从句的考查要点：1关系词的使用，特别是which,that,when,where等。2介词和关系词连用时，介词的选用。3以as引导的定语从句。4只用that的情况。5只用which的情况。6定语从句与强调句型的区别。定语从句200812200915201011考点分布命题趋势高考将继续重视对复合句的考查，试题将着重对定语从句中相关基础知识的考察。突破方法：1从句的学习并非一日之功，平时应加强对从句语法特征和语义特征的思考，形成纯正的思维能力。如不能形成这种思维能力，而仅凭汉语思维去解决英语问题，大量失误是在所难免的。2加强对非限制定语从句的学习。在平日的学习过程中，经过认真思考之后，将典型的从句分门别类，整理建档，以备考前复习巩固。定语从句复习定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句的构成Theoldladywholivesnexttoussellsbooks.YoushoulddoallthatIsaid.IhavefoundtheteatherwhomIamlookingfor.Ivisitedthefactorywheremyfatherworks.关系代词关系副词先行词之后,用陈述式语序“….的”关系词1.从句位置及语序:2.翻译方法:3.构成非限制性定语从句Thetown,whereIlive,isbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.Teachers,whoarekind,arepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.Pleasecompare:形式作用能否省略翻译限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句插入成分修饰限定补充解释不能能….的Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果心地善良的老师受学生欢迎。（说明老师有很多类型）限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略王老师受学生欢迎，他心地善良。他指代明确Hisbrotherwhoisasoldieriscomingnextweek.Hisbrother,whoisasoldier,iscomingnextweek.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×that1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.which考点一that和whichThat和which只用that不用which的情况1）先行词为all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone,等eg.we’lldoallthatwecoulddotohelpyou.2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,oneof,theonly,thevery,theright,thelast,few,just修饰时。Thistrainisthelasttrainthatwillgotobeijing.3)先行词前有序数词和形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatI’veeverread.4)先行词既有人又有物的时候。ThepeopleandthehappytimethatIhadinthatvillageinfluncedmealot.5)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个用that。Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactorywhichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.6)当先行词在主句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语的。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatusedtobe.7)当先行词为集体名词时，多用that