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CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults1CustomersChinaTraining2004河南白云纸业染料和荧光增白剂培训培训内容-荧光增白剂(OBA)/调色染料和颜料1.颜色的基本原理2.白度和亮度的概念，荧光增白剂OBA/调色染料的类型和特性3.荧光增白剂和调色染料的应用-科莱恩建议的解决方案4.化学品应用方案-添加点、输送5.储运、安全和环保CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults2CustomersChinaTraining20041.颜色2.颜色测量原理3.XYZ,CIELAB,亮度,白度第一部分基本的光学和色彩学原理CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults3CustomersChinaTraining2004可见光光谱分布3100mi100ft1ft.01ft.0001ft10nm1nm.001nm.00001nm60Hz88MHz1024宇宙射线紫外线微波电视信号X射线动力电频率收音机信号红外可见光伽玛射线CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults4CustomersChinaTraining2004颜色呈现过程的基本原理及其四个必要因素某人认为某物呈现蓝、黄、红或绿等颜色，不仅与被观察的物体有关，还与光源的类型、眼睛和脑神经有关。如果四者中任何一个发生改变，则该人所感知的物体的颜色也会发生变化。CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults5CustomersChinaTraining2004成色原理•加色法由色光混合产生颜色的方法三原色为红、绿、蓝•减色法由色料混合产生颜色的方法三原色为黄、品、青CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults6CustomersChinaTraining2004颜色呈现的必要条件CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults7CustomersChinaTraining20041.光源光谱能量分布300330360390420450480510540570600630660690720750780波长(nm)D65C(日光)A(白炽光)F11F2(CWF)颜色呈现的必要条件光源提供颜色呈现所必需的光谱能量。在黑暗中，人无法看到物体，更不用说物体的颜色了。CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults8CustomersChinaTraining2004颜色呈现的必要条件物体吸收和反射光源照射在其表面上的光谱能量。不同的物体表面对光谱能量的吸收和反射也不同，取决于物体表面的物理和化学结构。利用物体的该特性，可添加一些吸收光线的物质来控制光线，即调色。2.物体镜面反射(镜面)漫反射(发散,不透明度)漫透射(织物,透明度)正常透射(吸收后呈现出物体的颜色)CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults9CustomersChinaTraining2004颜色呈现的必要条件3.观察者通常为人的眼睛——一种可将物体表面反射光聚集后送到人脑继而产生神经信号的人体组织。一些传感器可模拟眼睛，用来进行颜色的测量。4.解释器人脑将眼睛传过来的神经信号传到感知器官，形成唯一确定的颜色。在测色仪器中，解释器反射回来的数据转化成颜色值。CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults10CustomersChinaTraining2004•光线照射在物体上•物体吸收部分可见光•物体将剩余的光线反射到人的眼睛里颜色空间和颜色计算CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults11CustomersChinaTraining2004颜色空间•颜色空间简单地描述了颜色坐标体系的范围•颜色空间的类型：RGB,CMY,HSV,YIQ,CIELab颜色空间和颜色计算CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults12CustomersChinaTraining2004CIELAB颜色空间从XYZ颜色空间演变而来，较前者更易理解L*100(White)L*0(Black)+b*(Yellow)-b*(Blue)+a*(Red)-a*(Green)CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults13CustomersChinaTraining2004CIE配色计算(CIE标准配色函数)00.511.522.5Wavelength(nm)x(Red)y(Green)z(Blue)00.511.522.5Wavelength(nm)x(红)y(绿)z(蓝)CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults14CustomersChinaTraining2004颜色计算光源物体反射光眼睛和大脑标准颜色计算函数CIEColour-matchingfunctions00.511.522.5380395410425440455470485500515530545560575590605620635650665680695710725740755770Wavelength(nm)xyzSpectralEnergyDistribution300330360390420450480510540570600630660690720750780CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults15CustomersChinaTraining2004颜色计算(三刺激值)光源物体反射光CIEColour-matchingfunctionsSpectralEnergyDistribution300330360390420450480510540570600630660690720750780´´XYZ00.20.40.60.811.2380395410425440455470485500515530545560575590605620635650665680695710725740755770Wavelength(nm)xCIEColour-matchingfunctions00.20.40.60.811.2380395410425440455470485500515530545560575590605620635650665680695710725740755770Wavelength(nm)yCIEColour-matchingfunctions00.511.522.5380395410425440455470485500515530545560575590605620635650665680695710725740755770Wavelength(nm)z=CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults16CustomersChinaTraining2004白度和亮度的定义白色也是一种色相，它是人眼对可见光谱中所有波长的色光全部吸收后产生的一种感知。人眼对白度和色相的变化十分敏感，细微的变化均能感觉到。Brightness——亮度450nm处的反射值（采用40的滤色片），即R457亮度只能反映可见光区内蓝光的反射量的大小。Whiteness——白度用色度坐标描述白度CIE白度值:W=Y+800(0.3138-x)+1700(0.3310-y)CIE调色值:T=900(0.3138-x)–650(0.3310-y)这里,x=X/(X+Y+Z),y=Y/(X+Y+Z)该公式的成立条件：标准D65光源、10°标准观察角、同时满足(3T-3)和(5Y-280W40)第二部分白度和亮度的概念，OBA/调色染料的类型和特性CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults17CustomersChinaTraining2004哪种白度的测量方法是正确的?TAPPI白度几何特性：45/0(光线入射角45o、检测角：0o)光源：C光源（水银灯）波长：457nmISO白度（ISO2470标准值）几何特性：d/0(球形漫反射照明灯，检测角：0o)。光源：C光源（水银灯）D65白度测试条件同ISO白度的测试条件，光源换成D65。D65紫外线成分较C光源高，所以D65白度在数值上较ISO白度和TAPPI白度高。CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults18CustomersChinaTraining2004常用亮度和白度的区别CIEWhiteness143.4R45796.9L90.9a*3.0b*-14.0CIEWhiteness148.4R45788.3L85.5a*9.0b*-16.8CIEWhiteness182.2R45762.4L68.5a*17.3b*-25.7CIEWhiteness226.9R45747.9L56.5a*16.4b*-31.9CIEWhiteness143.4R45797.1L90.9a*3.0b*-14.0CIEWhiteness152.7R45795L88.4a*-0.8b*-16.7CIEWhiteness179.7R45785.1L80.0a*-3.6b*-23.9CIEWhiteness245.5R45761.4L61.8a*-4.2b*-34.9CIEWhiteness272.0R45750.4L54.0a*-2.1b*-37.2CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults19CustomersChinaTraining2004白纸的增白和调色1基纸:浆料、填料、化学品（微粒会影响基纸的亮度）2调色染料:吸收绿光和黄光，白度增加但亮度下降3OBA:吸收紫外光，然后发出蓝光123UV-RegionISO-Brightness(R457)Remission[%]Wavelength(nm)VisibleRegion0255075100125250300350400430475525575625675Reflectance%CreatingvalueofaworldofPeopleApplicationPartnershipEnvironmentResults20CustomersChinaTraining2004电磁光谱荧光增白剂激发的区域在420-460nm荧光增白