54新闻英语翻译-2

TranslationofEnglishNews新闻英语翻译Lecture2FamoussayingsTranslationarelikewomen–whentheyarefaithfultheyarenotbeautiful,whentheyarebeautifultheyarenotfaithful.Tortureandtranslationare,infact,amongthefewfactsthatcanbeworsethandeath.Strictlyspeaking,translationisasubtleformoftorture.实际上，酷刑与翻译是极少数比死亡更糟的灾祸。严格地讲，翻译作品是一种巧妙的折磨形式。FamoussayingsLiteraltranslationisthefirststepintranslation,andagoodtranslatorabandonsaliteralversiononlywhenitisplainlyinexactor,inthecaseofavocativeorinformativetext,badlywritten.Sincelanguagedonotdifferessentiallyinwhattheycansay,butinhowtheycansayit,paraphraseisinevitable.Whatisimportantisthesemanticlegitimacyoftheparaphrase.直译是翻译过程中的第一步。一个好的译者除非在原文写的很模糊或原文是写的极差的呼唤文本或信息文本时才会舍弃直译这种方法。由于语言的根本差别不在于表达的内容，而在于表达的方式，因此意译不可避免。重要的是意译在语义上要有合理性。DefinitionofNewsNewsisafreshreportofevents,facts,oropinionsthatpeopledidnotknowbeforetheyreadyourstory.新闻就是对人们阅读之前还不知道的事件、事实或观点的一种全新报道。Newsisanythingtimelythatinterestsanumberofpersons,andthebestnewsisthatwhichhasthegreatestinterestofthegreatestnumber．凡是及时的、能引起一部分人兴趣的东西，便是新闻。而最好的新闻则是那种能够激起最大多数人最大兴趣的东西。DefinitionofNewsNewsisthereportingofanythingtimelywhichhasimportance,use,orinteresttoaconsiderablenumberofpersonsinapublicationaudience.新闻是对任何事物的及时报道，对于读者群体中的许多人来说，这类报道具有重要性、实用性或趣味性。DefinitionofNewsIfadogbitesaman,itisnotnews;ifamanbitesadog,it’s(big)news.狗咬人并非新闻,人咬狗才是(大)新闻。DefinitionofNewsDefinitionofNewsNewsisanaccountofwhatishappeningaroundus.Itmayinvolvecurrentevents,newinitiative新的倡议orongoingprojectsorissues.Butnewsisnotonlyaboutwhat’stakingplaceoftheday,italsoconcernsbackgroundanalysis,opinions,humanintereststories,etc.hardnewssoftnewsNatureofthereportedeventsHardnewsishowjournalistsrefertonewsoftheday.Itisachronicle编年史ofcurrenteventsorincidentsandisthemostcommontypeofnewsprintedonthefrontpageofatypicalnewspaper.HardNewsHardNews硬新闻:关系到国计民生以及人们切身利益的新闻。包括党和国家的重大方针、政策的制定和改变，时局变化，市场行情，股市涨落，银根松紧，疾病流行，天气变化，重大灾难事故等等。这类新闻为人们的政治、经济、工作、日常生活的决策提供依据。SoftNewsSoftnewsisatermforallthenewsthatisn’ttime-sensitive（时效性）,includingprofilesofpeople,programsororganizations,etc.SoftNews软新闻:人情味较浓的社会新闻（花边新闻、娱乐新闻、体育新闻等），形式上通俗，注重趣味性。它没有明确的时间届定，多属于延缓性新闻，无时间的紧迫性。它和人们的切身利益无多大关系，仅提供娱乐、开阔眼界、增长知识、陶冶情操。Therearemainlyfournewsstyleswhichare(1)newsreporting(消息报道)(2)feature(特写)(3)editorial(社论)(4)advertisement(广告)NewsstylesNewsstructureA.TheleadEveryhardnewsarticlestartswithalead—thefirst1-2sentencesthatsummarizethemostinterestingpointofthearticle.Theleadshouldbebriefyetcatchy易记住的,givingthereaderaninstantsenseofwhatthearticleisaboutandmakinghimorherwanttoreadmore.NewsstructureA.Thelead新闻导语是新闻报道开头的第一段文字，也是最重要的部分，通常是标题的展开形式，记者必须把新闻事件的主要情节用一两句话概括在新闻导语的第一段里。这是新闻报道的精华所在。NewsstructureA.Thelead导语尽可能回答5个W和1个H,即What、Who、When、Where、Why和How。这个观点曾被西方新闻界视为金科玉律，但是由于新闻导语趋于愈来愈短，因此，新闻导语现在一般未必包含所有的新闻要素，而是突出其中最重要的新闻要素，其他要素可放在之后的段落。A.TheleadInasoftnewsstory,however,theleadshouldpresentthesubjectofthestorybyallusion(暗示;引喻).Thistypeofopeningissomewhatliterary(文学的).Likeanovelist(小说家),theroleofthewriteristograbtheattentionofthereader.NewsstructureB.The5“W’s”andtheHNewsarticles,especiallyahardnewsstory,alwaysincludetheessentials—who,what,where,when,whyandhow.Goodnewswritingattemptstoanswerallthebasicquestionsaboutanyparticulareventinthefirsttwoorthreeparagraphs.NewsstructureWhoisinvolved?Whomadeascientificdiscovery?Who’sspeakingataforum论坛?Whomadethedonation捐赠?Whoorganizedthenewstaffgroup新员工组?(Notjustnames,buttitlesandbriefbackgroundsifnecessary.)Whatisthenatureofthenewsstoryorevent?Isitaboutascientificdiscovery,aneconomicconference经济会议,adeliveredspeech讲座,aheavyflood严重的洪水orcasualty伤亡intheMiddleEast?Whereisthenewsoreventtakingplace?Whenwill(ordid)theeventtakeplace?Whattimeanddateistheevent,orwhenwillsomeonebeavailableforaninterviewifneeded?Whyisthestorynewsworthy值得报道的?Tellreaderswhytheyshouldcare.Whowillbeaffectedbythisnewsandhow?Inotherwords,whatdistinguishesthestoryoreventfromothers?Howusuallydescribesthemannerinwhichtheactionoccurs.DENVER,Colorado科罗拉多(APAssociatedPress美联社;)Alightningstrikeatagolfcoursedrivingrange高尔夫练球场Saturdaykilledamanandinjuredhis16-year-oldson,afiredepartmentspokeswomansaid.WhenSaturdayWhereAtagolfcourseWhoAmanandhissonWhatLightningkilledthemanandinjuredhissonNEWYORK(ReutersHealth)Teenagerswhospend3hoursadayormoreinfrontofthetelevisionareatriskofdevelopingsleepingproblemlaterinlife,newresearchreports.WhoTeenagersWhatTeenagersmaydevelopsleepproblemsWhenLaterintheirlifeHowSpendingthreehoursormoreinfrontofTVByEMMAROSS,APMedicalWriterBANGKOK,Thailand-Asia’sbirdfludeathtollroseto12withtheannouncementMondayoftwoadditionaldeaths,whileChinasaiditsuspectedthevirushasreachedpoultryinoneofitsmostremotecorners.WhenMondayWhereThailandWhatBirdfludeathtollroseto12WhoThailandandChinaNewsstructureC.“invertedpyramid”Journalisminstructorsusuallydescribetheorganizationorstructureofanewsstoryasaninvertedpyramid倒金字塔.Thisupsidedowntriangleservesasaguideforhowyouincludeinformationinthestory.Usingtheinvertedpyramidmeansstartingwiththemostimportantinformation,thengivingt