云南大学软件学院软件工程期中试卷李彤2016秋季

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1.Explainthefollowingterms(15points)(1)Requirements:现阶段定义的三种需求类型:抽象功能需求。系统功能以抽象的方式定义;系统性能。一般定义的系统的非功能性要求;不良的特点。指定的不可接受的系统行为。还应该定义系统的整体组织目标。(2)softwareprocess以软件的开发或演化为目标的一系列活动:(1)规范-系统应该做什么和它的发展的限制(2)开发-软件系统的生产(3)验证-检查软件是客户想要的(4)进化-改变软件响应不断变化的需求。(3)dataflowdiagrams:数据流图是一种内在的(固有的)多种分析方法。用简单和直观的符号,使客户可以理解。数据流图(DFD)可用于模拟系统的数据处理。数据流图也可以用于显示系统和其他系统在其环境中的数据交换。(4)scenarios方案是一个系统如何可以使用的现实生活中的例子。他们应该包括开始情况的描述;事件的正常流的描述;什么可以出错的描述;其他并发活动的信息;场景完成时的状态的描述。(5)specification规范-系统应该做什么和它的发展的限制2.answerthefollowingquestionsbybriefly?(1)whatisCDIO?CDIO代表构思(Conceive)、设计(Design)、实现(Implement)、运作(Operate),将产品从研发到运作的生命周期作为载体,让学生主动地、把课程知识结构有机地联系到学习、实践的全部过程中(2)whataredescribedinprinciplesofACM/IEEECodeofethics?–•公共–软件工程师应始终与公众利益一致。–.客户和雇主–软件工程师应以符合他们的客户和雇主的最佳利益的方式行事,符合公众利益。–•产品–软件工程师应确保他们的产品和相关的修改达到最高的专业标准。–•判断(判断)––软件工程师应保持道德(正直、诚实)和他们的专业判断的独立性。–•管理––软件工程管理者和领导者应认购(签署)和促进对软件开发和维护的管理伦理的方法。–•职业––软件工程师应提前(弘扬)的完整性和行业声誉与公众利益的一致好评。–•同事–软件工程师应公平地对待和支持他们的同事。–•自己–软件工程师应参与终身学习,关于他们的职业的实践,并应促进职业道德的做法。•(3)whatarethesocio-technicalsystemcharacteristics?紧急属性系统的一个整体的属性依赖系统组件和它们之间的关系。不确定的他们并不总是产生相同的输出,当面对相同的输入,因为系统的行为是部分依赖于人类的运营商。复杂与组织目标的关系系统支持组织目标的程度不仅取决于系统本身。(4)whataretheextremeprogramming?一种基于开发和交付非常小的功能增量的开发方法。依靠不断改进代码,在开发团队和对用户的参与(成对地)编程。3.(1)Whattypesofrequirementsareelicitedduringsoftwarerequirements?(A)A.Functionalandnon-functionalrequirementsB.algorithmicanddatastructuralC.architecturalandstructuralD.usabilityandreliability(2).thedataflowdiagram(A)A.depictsrelationshipsbetweendataobjectB.depictsfunctionsthattransformthedataflowC.specifiedmajorlogicaldecisionsastheoccurD.indicatessystemreactionstoexternalevents(3)Whichofthefollowingisnotanareaofconcernintheanalysismodel?(D)A.architectureB.datadescriptionC.usercaseD.Projectscope(4)Ageneralizeddescriptionofacollectionofsimilarobjectsisa(A)A.ClassB.instanceC.sub-classD.superclass(5)whichofthefollowingshouldbeconsideredascandidateobjectsinaproblemspace?(D)A.EventsB.PeopleC.DataD.Allofabove(6)WhichofthefollowingshouldnotbeincludeintheCASEtoolsetarchitecture(C)A.designeditorB.codegeneratorC.wagesystemD.designtranslator(7)WherewastheETHICOMPWorkingConference2007heldin2-3April2007(B)A.PekingUniversityB.YunnanUniversityC.BeijingUniversityofAeronauticsandAstronautics(8)V&Vmeas(A)A.ValidationandverificationB.visaandvisualC.versionandvalidationD.vistaandvisual(9)Thetypesofrequirementsinclude?(D)A.overallrequirementsandspecificrequirementsB.ChineserequirementsandforeignrequirementsC.StudentsrequirementsandteacherrequirementsD.Userrequirementsandsystemrequirements(10)Extremeprogrammingisanapproach(B)A.tosleepingnotmorethan2hoursaday.B.Anapproachtodevelopmentbasedonthedevelopmentanddeliveryofverysmallincrementsoffunctionality.C.todoingeverythingextremelyD.todevelopingsoftwarewithmanagers4.(1)(F)Ageneralstatementofobjectivesfromthecustomerisallthatisallthatisneededtobeginasoftwareproject(2)(T)Contextmodelsshoethepositionofasysteminitsenvironmentwithothersystemsandprocesses(3)(F)Onceaprogramiswritten,thesoftwareengineer’sworkisfinished(4)(T)Object-orienteddesignachieveslowmodulecouplingandprovidesbetterinformationhidingthanstructuredapproach(5)(F)Softwareisaproductandcanbemanufacturedusingthesametechnologiesusedforotherengineeringartifacts.(6)(F)Addingmorepeopletoaprojectthatisalreadybehindscheduleisagoodwaytocatchup.(7)(F)Softwareengineeringisallaboutthecreationoflargeandunnecessarydocumentation.(8)(T)Architecturaldesignsshouldbeincludedinrequirementsanalysis.(9)(T)Softwareengineershaveamoralobligationtobuildreliablesoftwarethatdoesnoharmtootherpeople(10)(T)Asoftwarerequirementsdocumentisanagreedstatementofthesystemrequirements5.readthefollowingchartcarefully,andthenexplainwhatitmean(12)RUPphasemodel:(1)Establishthebusinesscaseforthesystem.(2)Developanunderstandingoftheproblemdomainandthesystemarchitecture.(3)Systemdesign,programmingandtesting.(4)DeploythesysteminitsoperatingenvironmentRUP阶段模型:(1)为系统建立业务案例。(Inception)(2)发展对问题领域和系统架构的理解。(elaboration)(3)系统设计、程序设计和测试。(construction)(4)在其运行环境中部署系统(transition)RUPgoodpractice:Developsoftwareiteratively(迭代式开发)Managerequirements(管理要求Usecomponent-basedarchitecture(使用基于组件的架构)Visuallymodelsoftware(可视化建模软件)Verifysoftwarequality(验证软件质量)Controlchangestosoftware(控制软件变更)6.readthefollowingchartcarefully,andthenexplainwhatitmeanPhaseiterationInceptionElaborationConstructionTransitionThisisTherequirementsengineeringprocessTheprocessofestablishingwhatservicesarerequiredandtheconstraintsonthesystem’soperationanddevelopment.RequirementsengineeringprocessFeasibilitystudy;Requirementselicitationandanalysis;Requirementsspecification;Requirementsvalidation.建立什么样的服务的过程,以及对系统的运行和发展的制约因素。需求工程过程;可行性究;需求获取与分析;要求规范;需求验证。7.Analysisanddesignasimplemanagementinformationsystemofalibrary.Thesystemallowstheuserstomanagebooks(includingadding,deleting,displaying,andupdating,books)andreaders(includingadding,deleting,displaying,andupdatingreaders,borrowingandreturningbooks).Drawoutthefollowingmodelsbriefly.(1)DFD(2)BlockdiagramFeasibilitystudyRequirementspecificationRequirementvalidationRequireme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