国外编辑写的中国人写英文文章常见错误

CommonDifficultiesEncounteredbyNon-NativeEnglishSpeakers(especiallyChinese)2TenseProblem:ChineselanguagedoesnothavetensesWediscussedthisalittleyesterday.Inascientificpaper:Abstract:usuallypasttense,exceptintroductorystatementmaybepresenttenseIntroduction:usuallypresenttenseMethods:pasttenseResults:pasttenseDiscussion:presenttense3Subject-VerbAgreementForcomplicatedsentences,remembertolookforthesubject,whereeveritmaybe,andmaketheverbagreewiththesubject.ReadthesentencewithoutallthemodifiersandclausestohelpyouDiagramthesentencetohelpyou4PluralNounsUsedasAdjectiveWhenapluralnounisusedasanadjective,itbecomessingular:PhenotypeofdendriticcellscellsisapluralnounDendriticcellphenotypephenotypeisthenounandcellsistheadjectiveButcellsbecomessingularastheadjectiveDendriticcellpopulationpopulationofdendriticcells5Abbreviations:SingularorPlural?Ifawordortermwillbeusedinboththesingularandplural,thenitisbettertoderivetheabbreviationfromthesingularformandaddanstomakeitplural.Animportanteffectorcellinanimmuneresponseisthedendriticcell(DC).IsletinfiltratesconsistmainlyofTcellsbutalsoincludemacrophages,DCs,andBcells.6CommonlyUsedTermsSuggest:tocauseyoutothinkaboutsomethingUsewhenyourresultspointtothatdirection,butyouhaven’ttotallyprovenitThegeneticresultssuggestthatCD103isacandidategeneforthedevelopmentoftype1diabetes.Assess:toevaluate,butincommonspeechusuallyreferstoestimatingavalueforsomething.Notagreatwordtouseinscience.Usedetermineinstead.7CommonlyUsedTermsDetermine:todecideorsettle,toreachaconclusionWewantedtodetermine…..Forexperimentsthathavenotyetbeendone:Theactualbindingconstantremainstobedetermined.InvestigatevsExamineinvestigate:toobserveordetermineindetailexamine:toanalyzeorcarefullyobserveButinvestigateisalittlestronger,andshowsmoreaction8CommonlyUsedTermsDemonstratevsShowDemonstrate:toproveormakeevidentbyreasoning,todescribebyexperimentShow:tomakevisible,topresentDemonstrateisstrongerforsciencewritingButuseshowfor:AsshowninFig.14Not:AsshowedinFig.149CommonlyUsedTermsImplyvsImplicate:frequentlymisusedImplicate:toconnectorinvolveOurresultsimplicateglucocorticoidsasacausefor…Imply:tosayorexpressindirectlyThesurgeonimpliedthatthediseasewasfatal.Elucidate:tomakeclearUsuallyusedwithrespecttosomethingverycomplicatedOurlong-termgoalistoelucidatetheroleofPPAR2inthedevelopmentoftypeIdiabetes.10Slang/SpokenLanguageBecarefulnottouseslangorcommontermsgettingtheDNAsequenceChangeto:determiningtheDNAsequence11Articles:A/An/TheWhichtouse:a/anorthe?Whentousethem,whennotto.Oftenittakesan“ear”forthelanguage,whichtakestimetodevelop.Oneofthemostdifficultconceptsinwritingfornon-nativeEnglishspeakers,bothEuropeanandAsian.12Articles:A/An/TheIdentifynounsasnouns,asgeneralorspecificarticlesarenotadjectivesA/An:indefinite,evolvedfromthewordoneUsedonlyinsingularIfanounisplural,thea/anisusuallyomittedThe:specifiesthenounThepicturemeansaspecificpictureApicturecouldrefertoanypicture13RulesUseaoranwithsingularnounsthatnamethingsthatcanbecountedbutwhosespecificidentityisnotknown.Apaper,anexperimentNOT:Thenursegaveawatertothepatient.Watercannotbecounted.Soitshouldread:Thenursegavewatertothepatient.UsethewithmostnounswhoseidentityisknowntothereaderTheprofessorteachingthisclass…TheexperimentthatIjustdescribed…14RulesDonotusethewithmostsingularpropernouns.NOT:theProfessorDynan,NOT:theChinaButtherearemanyexceptions:TheUnitedStatesofAmerica,ThePeople’sRepublicofChinaTheMedicalCollegeofGeorgia15Articles:A/An/TheBritishandAmericanwritingdiffersomewhatBritishomitthearticlebeforesingularnounsthatrefertoplacesortimesBritish:Heattendsuniversity.American:Heattendsauniversity.ButtherearesomenounsinAmericanEnglishwherethearticleisalsoomitted.OnSunday,shealwaysgoestochurch.We,ofcourse,wouldlikeyoutolearnAmericanEnglish!!!16AorAn?RuleUseabeforeawordthatstartswithaconsonantUseanbeforeawordthatstartswithavowel(a,e,i,o,u)ButItisthesoundof,nottheletterat,thebeginningofthewordAuniversity/anumbrellaAhero/anhonestperson17A/An/TheYes,itisconfusing….butdon’tworry.Youwillgetthehangofitwithpractice!!18WhetherConjunctionusedinindirectquestionstointroduceanalternativeSentencedoesnottakea?becausethequestionisindirectTheseexperimentswilltelluswhetherGILZinhibitsmarkergeneexpressionindirectlythroughdown-regulationofPPAR2.19WhetherDonotusewhetherornot.Ornotisredundant.NO:TheseexperimentswilltelluswhetherornotGILZinhibitsmarkergeneexpressionindirectlythroughdown-regulationofPPAR2.Donotuseastowhether.Changetowhether.20Which/ThatPronounsthatintroduceadjectivalclauses(clausesthatmodifynounsinthesentence)RestrictiveclausesdefinethenounUsethatNocommasNon-restrictiveclausesareextraandthesentenceismeaningfulwithoutthemUsewhichSetthephraseoffbycommas21Which/That:ExamplesRegulatoryCD4+Tcellsinnon-obesediabeticmicemayincludeTh2cells(which/that)secreteIl-4,Il-5,Il-6,Il-10,andIl-30.Answer:RegulatoryCD4+Tcellsinnon-obesediabeticmicemayincludeTh2cells,whichsecreteIl-4,Il-5,Il-6,Il-10,andIl-30