比较状语从句

DegreesofComparison比较状语从句比较状语从句是表示比较、比例、类比等的句子。其主要句子结构如下：a.主语+谓语+as+形容词/副词+as+被比对象这个句型叫等比句结构，表示两个人和事物在性质、特征等方面相似或相等，即相等的比较。被比对象可能是从句中的主语，也可能是宾语或其他成分。两个as，作用不同，前一个as是副词，在主句中说明所比较内容的程度，后一个as是连词，含有“比”、“如同”的意思，它所引导的从句通常是省略形式。Physicsisasimportantasmathematics(is).Youseemtoknowmusicaswellasyouknowastronomy.Takeasmuchasyouwant.Isitasdifficultastheysayitis?Wehaveaccomplishedasmuchinthepastthreeyearsaswouldhavetakentenyearsinthepast.表示两个人或事物在性质、特征等方面的不相似或不相同时，就用“主语+谓语+notso/as+形容词/副词+(名词)+as+被比对象”这个句型。Youarenotsooldasyoulook.Therewasnogardensolovelyashisinthiscity.Itisn’tascoldasitwasyesterday.Nopersoniseithersohappyorsounhappyasheimagines.Finallyhehasmadeasmuchmoneyashewanted.有时as好象是从句的主语，其实是从句的主语省略了。Therewerenotsomanyticketsavailableaswereaskedfor.Youseemedtounderstandhumannatureaswellasdoscience.比较句的肯定形式还有thesameas,such…as；否定形式还有notthesameas,notsuch…as。Yournameisthesameasyourfather’s.Herdresswasthesamecolorasmine.Yourwatchisnotthesameashis.Inevermetsuchamanasyouryoungerbrother.b.主语+谓语+形容词/副词比较级+than+被比对象在这种结构中，than是个连词，引导比较状语从句，如果被比较的对象为名词或代词，一般采用省略形式，省去与主句中相同的部分。Thisriverislongerthanthatone.Heisyoungerthanshe.LessonOneismoreinterestingthanLessonTwo.Shestudiesmorediligentlythanherclassmates.Hedrivesfasterandmoredangerouslythanyou.ThistestislesssimplethanIexpectedittobe.Lightdoesnottravelatthesamespeedthroughallmaterials;itgoesslowerthroughsomethanthroughothers.有时，连词than后直接跟从句的谓语，这时我们可以把它看成是省略了某些词语。Thereweremorecasualtiesthanwasreported.(=thanitwasreportedtherewere)Sheplayedthepianomuchbetterthancouldhavebeenexpected.在这种结构中，有时比较对象需要根据上下文内容进行判断；有时对象含蓄在主句中，这时后面往往是一个表示时间或条件的修饰语。Takingthismedicinehelpstorelievehisheadache,andmakeshimlessill-temperedthanbefore.Theeffectsoftemperaturevariationsinintegratedcircuitsaremoreuniformthanifseparatecomponentsareused.than引导的从句有时可放句首。Thanhenoonecouldshowafriendlierattitudetoyou.在一定上下文中，从句还可以省略。Yououghttocomehereearlier.c.主语+谓语+形容词/副词最高级+（名词）+范围在这个句子结构中，形容词最高级的前面要加定冠词the。副词最高级的前面可加the可不加。形容词最高级后面可跟名词，而副词后面却不能跟名词，它只能修饰动词。比较范围一般是短语或从句。ThiscoatisthemostexpensivethatI’veeverbought.Sheisthemostactivegirlinourclass.Heworkedhardestintheworkshop.Sheboughttheleastexpensivetowelsthatshecouldfind.最高级还可以用下列结构表示：①…否定词语…+比较级…Ihaveneverseenatallerbuilding.Nootherbookhashadagreaterinfluenceonmylife.②…否定词语…+so+形容词/副词+as+比较对象ThereisnothingIlikesomuchastravelingabroad.Hehasneverbeensohappyasheistoday.③more…thananyother…Sheismorebeautifulthananyothergirlintheschool.Thisteacherexplainedtheproblemmoreclearlythananyotherteacher.④as…asany…Herunsasfastasanyotherstudentintheclass.Thisriverisaslongasanyotherintheworld.d.the+比较级，the+比较级这是表示比例的句型，意思是“越…，就越…”。后面跟的是形容词或副词的比较级。通常，前面为条件从句，后面为结果主句。Themoreticketsyousell,themoremoneyyouwillget.Thesmallerthecomputeris,thefasteritcanwork.Themorehethought,theangrierhegrew.有时主句在前，从句在后：Anobjectdrawstheharder,themorematteritcontains.(物体含有的物质越多，它的引力就越大。)Otherswillsuspectusthemore,themorewesuspectthem.这种句型常用省略句。Themore,thebetter.Thesooner,theworse.Thesmallerthemind,thegreatertheconceit.主句的主谓有时半倒装，以保持句子的平衡。Themoreyouread,thebetterwillyouwrite.Thesmallertheparticles(分子)are,themorefreelydotheymove.e.类比句，表示两类事物的相同或相似关系，通常用连词或引导从句。其主要句型结构有：1.AistoBwhat/asCistoD.Readingistothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.Manureistocropsasfoodistoman.2.AdoesforBwhatCdoesforD.Leavesdoforplantswhatlungsdoforanimals.3.AisthattoBwhichCistoD.Intellectisthattothemindwhichsightistothebody.4.AdoesthatforBwhichCdoesforD.Railwaysdothatforacountrywhichbloodvesselsdoforaman’sbody.