复合宾语英语的五个基本结构S十VS十L十PS十V十OS十V十O1十O2S十V十O十C说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语1.S十V句式Herunsquickly.他跑得快。2.S十V十P句式:Thestorysoundsinteresting.这个故事听起来有趣。3.S十V十O句式Theybuiltahouselastyear.他们去年建了一所房子。4.S十V十O1十O2句式Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome.他把座位让给我。5.S十V十O十C句式Theyfoundherhappythatday.他们发现那天她很高兴。Ifoundhimout.我发现他出去了。TheynamedtheboyCharlie.他们给这个男孩起名为查理。Isawhimcomeinandgoout.我见他进来又出去。Theyfeltthecarmovingfast.他们感到汽车行驶得很快。Hefoundthedoorofstudyclosedtohim.他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:1、名词:Wemadehimourmonitor.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.注①:常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有:call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。注②:充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时,前面一般不用冠词,如:TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.2、形容词:Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.We’dbetterleavethedooropen.注:常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有:believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,以及paint,drive,turn,cut等。3、现在分词:I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:5、过去分词:HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.6.此外,副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语,如:Whendoyouwantitback?Whydidn’tyouinvitethemin?Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.4、动词不定式:Nobodycouldmakehimchangehismind.Wouldyoulikemetocomealongwithyou?Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe.一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系:1、当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时,它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系(或称表语关系),若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较:Wemadehimourmonitor.(Heisourmonitor.)Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.(Yourroomiscleanandtidy.)Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.(Thechildrenareatplayoutside.)二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系:2、当现在分词和动词不定式充当宾语补足语时,它们和宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作,(若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整),如:Hesawanoldmangettingonthebus.(Anoldmanwasgettingonthebus.)Didyouseeayoungmanenterthehouse?(Ayoungmanenteredthehouse.)二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系:3、当过去分词充当宾语补足语时,它与宾语之间有着动宾关系,即:宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididn’twantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中,有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语;有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语;还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语:1、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有:catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如:Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.2、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,encourage,let,allow,permit,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,callon,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor//think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。3、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,listento,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号to的取舍问题:1、在hear,listento,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,observe等动词后的不定式需省去to。(一找二感二听三让五看)2、help一词后的不定式,可带to,也可以不带to。五、在复合宾语中,宾语通常为名词或代词,但有时也可以用不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或that从句来充当。这时,应使用先行it代替宾语,而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部,如:Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldn’tjoinus.注意:在这种结构中,宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词;常用于这种结构的动词有:feel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider等。翻译练习:1、我们叫她Alice。2、他的父母给他取名为John。3、我们大家都认为他是诚实的。4、他们把门推开了。5、他们把小偷释放了。6、我们要使学校变得更美丽。7、他请我们参加做游戏。WecallherAlice.HisparentsnamedhimJohn.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.Theypushedthedooropen.Theyhavesetthethieffree.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.Heaskedustojoininthegame.翻译练习:8、我要你把真相告诉我。9、卫兵命令我们立即离开。10、明天我要找人来修理机器。11、每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。12、痛苦使得他叫喊起来。13、我们不会让她在晚上外出的。14、他每个月理一次发。Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.TomorrowI’llhavesomeonerepairthemachine.EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.Thepainmadehimcryout.Wewon’tlethergooutatnight.Hehashishaircutonceamonth.翻译练习:15、我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。16、她正在听人家讲故事。17、我从来没看见这个字这样用过。18、他感到很难跟你交谈。19、我想乘船去那里更舒服些。20、我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。21、我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。I’llgetmyrecordermended.Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.Ihaveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybefore.Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.Ithinkitmorecomfortabletogotherebyship.Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.Ithoughtitnousetalkingwiththatman.