BS634941994MaritimestructuresDesignoffenderingandm

BRITISHSTANDARDBS6349-4:1994Maritimestructures—Part4:Codeofpracticefordesignoffenderingandmooringsystems(B/-),waspublishedundertheauthorityoftheStandardsBoardandcomesintoeffecton15October1994©BSI12-1998FirstpublishedMarch1985SecondeditionOctober1994ThefollowingBSIreferencesrelatetotheworkonthisstandard:CommitteereferenceB/525/11Draftforcomment92/10817DCISBN0580226530CommitteesresponsibleforthisBritishStandardThepreparationofthisBritishStandardwasentrustedbyTechnicalCommitteeB/525,Buildingandcivilengineeringstructures,toSubcommitteeB/525/11,Maritimestructures,uponwhichthefollowingbodieswererepresented:AssociationofConsultingEngineersBritishSteelIndustryConcreteSocietyFederationofCivilEngineeringContractorsHealthandSafetyExecutiveInstitutionofCivilEngineersInstitutionofStructuralEngineersOilCompaniesInternationalMarineForumPermanentInternationalAssociationofNavigationCongressesTBVConsult(formerlyDepartmentoftheEnvironment,PropertyServicesAgency)AmendmentsissuedsincepublicationAmd.No.DateComments©BSI12-1998iContentsPageCommitteesresponsibleInsidefrontcoverForewordivSection1.General1Scope12Definitions13Symbols1Section2.Fendering4Generalprinciples24.1Provisionoffendering24.2Principlesofberthing24.3Overalldesign24.4Materialsandworkmanship44.5Vesselsize44.6Berthingvelocities44.7Berthingenergies44.8Berthingreactionsandloaddistribution74.9Factorsofsafetyanddesignstresses84.10Mountingandsuspension114.11Applicationoffenderlayoutforberths115Typesoffender175.1Fendersusingelastomericunits175.2Pneumaticandfoam-filledfenders175.3Flexibledolphins245.4Fenderpiles255.5Gravityfenders255.6Timberfenders255.7Mechanicalfenders265.8Miscellaneoustypes265.9Advantagesanddisadvantagesoffendertypes265.10Areasofapplicabilityoffendertypes296Specialconsiderationsintheprovisionoffendering296.1Vesselswithbulbousbows296.2Belting29Section3.Mooring7Principlesofgoodmooring318Mooringpatterns318.1General318.2Breastlines318.3Springlines328.4Headandsternlines349Forcesactingonthemooredship349.1General349.2Windandcurrents349.3Off-quayhydrodynamicforceandhydrodynamicinterferencefrompassingships349.4Waves349.5Tidalriseandfallandchangeindraughtortrimduetocargooperations34©BSI12-1998Page9.6Ice3410Loadsonmooringpoints3510.1Vesselsupto20000tdisplacement3510.2Vesselsover20000tdisplacement3511On-shoremooringequipment3511.1General3511.2Materials3511.3Mountingandfixing3611.4Bollards3611.5Quickreleasemooringhooks3611.6Mooringrings3611.7Capstans3611.8Safetyprecautions36AnnexAGrossregisteredtonnage,deadweighttonnageanddisplacement40AnnexBSelectionofmooringlinesonvessels40AnnexCReferenceandbibliography40Figure1—Designberthingvelocityasfunctionofnavigationconditionsandsizeofvessel4Figure2—Geometryofvesselapproachtoberth5Figure3—FerryandRo-Rovesselberthing9Figure4—Hullandfendergeometryatimpact13Figure5—Planshowinghullandcopegeometryatimpact14Figure6—Planshowingangledfenderunits14Figure7—Continuousfenderfacing15Figure8—Fenderlayoutonacontinuousquay15Figure9—Planofsingleislandberth16Figure10—Planofthree-islandberth16Figure11—Planoffive-islandberth17Figure12—Lead-injettylayout22Figure13—Planshowinggeometryofvesselwithbulbousbow30Figure14—Typicalmooringpatterns32Figure15—Optimumanglesofmooringlinesforislandtankerberth32Figure16—Vesselunderinfluenceofstand-offforce33Figure17—Effectoftidalriseandfallandchangeindraughtortrim33Figure18—Quickreleasemooringhooks38Figure19—Mooringrings39Table1—Typicalcategoriesofberthlocation2Table2—Vesselcategories3Table3—TypicalrangeofCb6Table4—Coefficientsoffrictionoffenderfacingmaterialsindryconditions8Table5—Elastomericunits:typesandcharacteristics18Table6—Pneumaticfenders:typesandcharacteristics23Table7—Mooringpointloadsforgeneralcargovesselsandbulkcarriers35Table8—Mooringbollards37Table9—Sizesofsyntheticmooringropesnormallycarriedbyvessels,andthebreakingloadoftheseropes41Table10—Sizesofgalvanizedsteelwireropesnormallycarriedbyvessels,andthebreakingloadoftheseropes42ListofreferencesInsidebackcover©BSI12-1998iiiForewordThisPartofBS6349hasbeenpreparedunderthedirectionoftheTechnicalSectorBoardforBuildingandCivilEngineering(B/-)andsupersedesBS6349-4:1985whichiswithdrawn.Thiseditionintroducestechnicalchangesbutitdoesnotreflectafullrevieworrevisionofthestandard,whichwillbeundertakeninduecourse.FollowingsuggestionsfromtheMaritimeandWaterwaysBoardoftheInstitutionofCivilEngineers,theStandardsCommitteeforCivilEngineeringCodesofPracticesetupanadhocpaneltomakefurtherstudies.Thepanel’sreport,presentedin1975,concludedthatexistingBritishcodeswereinadequateforthespecialaspectsofmaritimestructuresandthattherewasaneedforsuchacode.Aformatwasproposedthatdividedtheworkintotwodistinctstages.IthasbeenassumedinthedraftingofthisBritishStandardthattheexecutionofitsprovisionsisentrustedtoappropriatelyqualifiedandexperiencedpeople.Thestandardisissuedinse