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高中英语语法Contents•一、定语从句的定义•二、引导定语从句的关系词•三、关系代词•四、关系副词•五、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句一、定语从句的定义定语从句是指在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”ShehasabrotherwhosenameIcan'tremember.先行词关系词二、引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，ofwhichwherewhenwhy关系代词关系副词三、关系代词1、who，whom，that代表人1）在定语从句中，who和that可作主语或宾语，whom只能作宾语2）引导定语从句的关系代词who，whom，that在从句中作动词和介词的宾语时，可以省略。但介词可以提到关系代词之前，此时只能使用whom,不可使用who或that，且whom也不可省去。Doyouknowthemanwho(m)/thatItalkedtojustnow?=DoyouknowthemantowhomItalkedjustnow?3）只用who，不用thata.有两个定语从句时，当代指人时，一个已经用了that,另一个宜用whoThegirlthatyoumetyesterdayisanEnglishteacherwhoteacheswell.b.在therebe句型中，先行词为人Therearemanyyoungpeoplewhoareforhim.c.当先行词是one,ones,anyone,those表人时Isthereanyonewhoisabsenttoday?2、which，that代表物1）在定语从句中，which和that可作主语和宾语，在多数情况下，两者可以互换。作宾语时，which和that常可省去。•Thefarm(which/that)wevisitedlastweekwaslocatedinXiangtan.2）只用that，不用which•a.当先行词是不定代词：all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone（指物）时•Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?•b.当先行词前面有：only,any,few,little,no,all,very等词修饰时•ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.•c.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时•Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.•ThistrainisthesecondthatwillgotoSuzhou.•d.当先行词既有人又有物时•Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?•e.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时•Whichisthebikethatyoulost?•f.有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用了which,另一个宜用that.•Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactorywhichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.•g.当关系词在定语从句中作表语时•Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.Thisistheschoolinwhichyouwillstudy.3)只用which,不用that3、whose和ofwhich表示所属关系•“whose+名词”结构常可以用“名词+ofwhich”结构来替换•Thehousewhoseroofwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.•=Thehousetheroofofwhichwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.四、关系副词•1、where表地点，只能跟在表示地点的名词后，在定语从句中作地点状语,引导词where可用that替换，并经常可以省略•Thisistheschool(where/that)Iusedtostudy.•2、when表时间，在定语从句中作时间状语,有时，引导词when可用that替换，经常可以省略•Iwillneverforgotthedays(when/that)Ispentwithyourfamily.•3、why指原因，引导的从句修饰名词reason，why可用that替换，或省略•Idon'tknowthereason(why/that)helefthere.4、关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which5、介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.6、只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。Iwillneverforgotthedayonwhich/whenIfirstmetyouontheship.限制性定语从句restrictive非限制性定语从句non-restrictive是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。Iwastheonlypersonwhowasinvitedinmyoffice.ThatisMr.Wang,whosedaughterteachesEnglishatamiddleschool.注:引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.五、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句Exercise•1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.•A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich•2.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?•A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich•3.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.•A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when•4.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.•A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich•5.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.•A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there•6.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.•A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom•7.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?•A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose•8.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.•A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which•9.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.•A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as•10.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.•A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what