Unit 9 Insurance

1Unit9Insurance9.1IntroductionofInsurance•9.1.1ThePartiesofInsurance•9.1.2Risks,LossesandExpenses•9.1.3OceanMarineInsuranceUnderC.I.C.•9.1.4InsuranceDocuments9.2SpecimenLettersofInsurance保险的种类2-财产保险-责任保险-信用保险-人身保险进出口货物运输的保险实务●选择恰当的保险险别一般应考虑以下因素：1、货物的性质和特点2、货物的包装3、货运航线、停靠港口及装卸货的损耗情况4、运输季节、气候及安全因素5、货物的残存规律49.1IntroductionofInsurance9.1.1TheParitiesofInsurance被保险人theinsured/投保人applicant保险人Insurer/承保人underwriterInsuredamount保险金额（Insurance）premium：保险费premiumrate保险费率货物运输保险保障的范围风险损失费用69.1.2Risks,LossesandExpensesCoverageofInsuranceLossesRisksExpensesinsurancecoverage;riskscovered保险范围7RisksnaturalCalamitiesperilsoftheseafortuitousaccidentsRisksGeneralextraneousrisksSpecial海上风险PerilsoftheSea外来风险ExtraneousRisks自然灾害NaturalCalamity意外事故Fortuitousaccidents一般外来风险GeneralExtraneousRisks特殊外来风险SpecialExtraneous风险Risks9LossesActualTotalLossConstructiveTotalLossParticularAverageGeneralAverageLossesTotalLossPartialLoss二、损失Losses损失Losses海上损失PerilsoftheSea其他损失全部损失TotalLoss实际全损ActualTotalLoss推定全损ConstructiveTotalLoss部分损失PartialLoss共同海损GeneralAverage单独海损ParticularAverage一般外来损失特殊外来损失111.TotalLoss•(1)Actualtotalloss(实际全损)•Theactualtotallossoccurswheretheinsuredgoodshavebeentotallylostordamaged,orfoundtobetotallyvaluelessonarrival.(2)Constructivetotalloss(推定全损)•Constructivetotallossisfoundinthecasewhereanactualtotallossappearstobeunavoidableorthecosttobeincurredinrecoveringorreconditioningthegoodstogetherwiththeforwardingcosttothedestinationnamedinthepolicywouldexceedtheirvalueonarrival.（一）全部损失：TotalLoss一张保险单下包括多张提单的货物，其中一张或几张提单货物的完全灭失一张保单所保货物的完全损失一条驳船所载货物的完全损失装卸过程中一个整件货物的完全损失1、实际全损ActualTotalLoss被保险货物的实体已经完全灭失被保险货物遭到严重损害，已丧失了原有的用途和价值被保险人对保险货物的所有权已无可挽回地被完全剥夺载货船舶失踪，达到一定时期仍无音讯2、推定全损ConstructiveTotalLoss1、保险标的损失严重，构成实际损失已无法避免。2、为了防止保险标的的实际全损而需要支付的费用将超过保险标的的价值。3、被保险货物受损后，修复费用、整理费用以及续运到目的地的费用，将超过其到达目的地的价值。4、保险标的遭受保险事故，使被保险人丧失了对其享有权，而收回该所有权所需费用，将超过保险标的价值。152.PartialLossPartiallossreferstothelossofpartofaconsignment.Accordingtodifferentcauses,partiallosscanbefurtherdividedinto:(1)generalaverage（共同海损）and;(2)particularaverage（单独海损）.共同海损与单独海损的区别比较项目单独海损损失的内容致损原因损失的承担者共同海损受损者自己承担除保险标的外，还包括支出的特殊费用受益各方根据获救利益的大小按比例分摊保险标的物为解除或减轻风险，人为地有意识地造成由所承保的风险直接导致船、货受损17ExpensesExpensesSueandLaborexpensesSalvagecharges三、费用Expenses1、施救费用SueandLaborExpenses2、救助费用SalvageExpenses3、特别费用SpecialExpenses运输工具遭受海难后在避难港卸货所引起的损失，以及由于卸货、存仓、运送货物所产生的费用。4、额外费用为了证明损失、索赔成立而支付的费用。191.SueandlaborexpensesTheseexpensesaretheexpensesarisingfrommeasuresproperlytakenbytheinsured,theemployeeandtheassignee,etc.forminimizingoravoidinglossescausedbytheriskscoveredintheinsurancepolicy.Theinsurerisheldresponsibletocompensateforsuchexpenses.2.SalvagechargesSalvagechargesareexpensesresultingfrommeasuresproperlytakenbyathirdpartyotherthantheinsured,theemployeeandtheassignee,etc.209.1.3OceanMarineInsuranceUnderC.I.C.ChinaInsuranceClause(CIC):中国保险条款TherearethreekindsofbasicrisksunderOceanMarineCargoClauses（海洋运输货物保险条款）:BasicRisks•F.P.A.(FreefromParticularAverage)平安险;•W.P.A.(WithAverageorWithParticularAverage)水渍险;•AllRisks一切险.Additionalrisks:•GeneralAdditionalRisks一般附加险•andSpecialAdditionalRisks特别附加险基本险别BasicCoverage附加险别AdditionalCoverage一切险（AR）平安险（FPA）水渍险（WPA/WA）一般附加险GeneralAdditionalCoverage特殊附加险SpecialAdditionalCoverage平安险(F.P.A.):FreefromParticularAverage是海上货物运输保险中责任最小的一种险别，一般适用大宗、低值、粗糙，无包装的货物，如废铁、木材、矿砂等的海上运输。水渍险(WPA)WithParticularAverage保险责任排除了货物的锈损、碰损、破碎及散装货物的部分损失。它一般适用于不易损坏或不因生锈而影响使用的货物，如五金材料，旧的汽车、机械、机床、散装金属原料等。水渍险=平安险+自然灾害引起的部分损失一切险(AR):AllRisks承保范围最广泛，因而适宜于价值高、可遭受损失因素较多的货物投保。一切险=水渍险+一般外来原因造成的损失（一般附加险）二、附加险AdditionalCoverage不能单独投保，只能在投保了基本险的基础上加保。（一）一般附加险GeneralAdditionalCoverage（二）特殊附加险SpecialAdditionalCoverage26一般附加险（GeneralAdditionalRisks）•1.Theft,PilferageandNon-delivery(TPND)偷窃、提货不着险•2.FreshwaterandRainDamage淡水雨淋险•3.RiskofShortage短量险•4.RiskofIntermixtureandContamination混杂、玷污险•5.RiskofLeakage渗漏险•6.RiskofClashingandBreakage碰损破碎险•7.RiskofOdor串味险•8.DamageCausedbySweatingandHeating受潮、受热险•9.Hookdamage钩损险•10.Lossand/orDamageCausedbyBreakageofPacking包装破裂险•11.RiskofRusting锈损险27特别附加险（SpecialAdditionalRisks）1.FailuretoDeliverRisk交货不到险2.ImportDutyRisk进口关税险3.OnDeckRisk舱面险4.RejectionRisk拒收险5.AflatoxinRisk黄曲霉素险6.WarRisk战争险7.StrikeRisk罢工险8.FireRiskExtensionClauseforStorageofCargoatDestinationHongKong,IncludingKowloon,orMacao出口货物到香港（包括九龙在内）或澳门存仓火险责任扩展条款289.1.4InsuranceDocuments•Insurancepolicy保险单/大保单•Insurancecertificate保险凭证•Combinedcertificate联合凭证•Openpolicy预约保单•Endorsement批单29Examplesofinsuranceclausesinthesalescontract1.ExceptincaseswheretheinsuranceiscoveredbytheBuyersasarranged,insuranceistobecoveredbytheSellerswithaChineseinsurancecompany.Ifinsuranceforadditionalamountand/orforotherinsurancetermsisrequiredbytheBuyers,priornoticetothiseffectmustreachtheSellersbeforeshipmentandissubjecttotheSellers’agreement,andtheextrainsurancepremiumshallbefortheBuyers’account.302、Insurance:TobecoveredbytheSelleragainst….(risk)accordingtoOceanMarineCargoClausesofthePeople’sInsuranceCompanyofChinadatedJanuary1,1981.3、Asourusualpractice,insurancecoversbasicrisksonly,at110percentoftheinvoicevalue.Ifcoverageagainstot