Lecture25比较级

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形容词比较级最高级要注意的问题1.用其他结构表示的最高级More…than…Georgedidmoreworkthismorningthananyoneelse.①在than后加allother…或anyother…。a.ThisbuildingishigherthanallotherbuildingsinTianjin.b.Shestudiesharderthananyotherstudentinourclass.否定词+so…as…NothinginmylifeshookmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittoChina.否定词+比较级Itcan’tbeworse./Ilikenothingbetter.②用“…有关的否定词语…+比较级…”表示最高级含义。a.Ineverreadamoreinterestingbook.b.Nootherbookhashadagreaterinfluenceonmyworkandstudy.MoreAthanB与其说是B,不如说是AItisevenmoreapicturethanapoem.LessAthanB与其说是A不如说是BExperienceshowsthatsuccessisduelesstoabilitythantozeal(热情).2.不具有比较意义的比较结构3.不用than表示比较级的词以-or结尾的形容词比较级,不用than连接一个比较状语从句,而用介词to引出一个被比较的对象。a.Socialismissuperiortocapitalism.b.Yourknowledgeisinferiortohis.c.MyarrivalinBeijingisposteriortothatofSmith.inferior,minor,senior(年长于),prior(先于),preferto,superior,major,junior(年幼于),preferable,comparedwith,incomparisonwith,differentfrom,differfrom,Priorto(before)hisdeparture,headdressedalettertohisdaughter.(1996年考研题)e.g:Theirwatchis_toalltheotherwatchesonthemarket.[A]superior[B]advantageous[C]super[D]beneficial4.notmore…than与nomore…than差别a.Thismachineisnotbetterthanthatone.这台机器不比那台机器好。Thismachineisnobetterthanthatone.这台机器和那台机器都不好。b.Wehavenotdesignedmorethansixkindsoflathes.我们设计的车床没有超过六种.(至多六种,也许不超过六种)Wehavedesignednomorethansixkindsoflathes.我们只设计了六种车床。(表示少的意思)c.Wehavenotdesignedlessthansixkindsoflathes.我们设计了至少六种车床。(也许不止六种)Wehavedesignednolessthansixkindsoflathes.我们竟设计了六种车床。(表示多的意思)5.可修饰比较级的词1)abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等Heisfarmoretruthfulthanmostpeople.2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3)以上词(除byfar)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题:1)----Areyoufeeling____?----Yes,I'mfinenow.A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.verybetter答案:B.any可修饰比较级,very修饰原级,well的比较级为better.2)Theexperimentwas____easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch3)Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave___atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime答案:C.much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案。答案:D。6.many,much,old和far1)如果后接名词时,muchmore+不可数名词manymore+可数名词复数2)old有两种比较级和最高级形式:older/oldest和elder/eldest。elder,eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。Myelderbrotherisanengineer.Maryistheeldestofthethreesisters.Heistwoyears________thanme.3)far有两种比较级,farther,further.在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中,father表示距离,further表示进一步。Ihavenothingfurthertosay.6.the+最高级+比较范围1)TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用。形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示非常。Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错)Tomisthetallestofhisthreebrothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级,byfar,far,much,mostly,almostthesecond/third,Howmuchdidthesecondmostexpensivecarhascost.Thishatisnearly/almost/byfarthebiggest.Amyisthesmartestbyfar.(对)Tomisthetallestofthethreebrothers.a.very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。Thisistheverybest.Thisismuchthebest.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.3)句型转换:Mikeisthemostintelligentinhisclass.Mikeismoreintelligentthananyotherstudentsinhisclass.4)否定词语+比较级,否定词语+so…as结构表示最高级含义。Nothingissoeasyasthis.=Nothingiseasierthanthis.=Thisistheeasiestthing.形容词最高级前面没有the,不表示比较而只作“非常”或“在很大程度上”解,但作表语时,若不和别人、别物相比,常不用the,仍作“最…”解。a.Itisamostimportantproblem.b.Shewasmostdiligentinherworkwhenshelivedhere.c.Thatisourmostinterestingproblemtoday.8.morethan结构的不同用法及意义1)在下列结构中more….than/less…than的含义为“与其说…不如说…”。a.Heismoregoodthanbad.与其说他坏,还不如说他好。b.Hewaslesshurtthanfrightened.与其说他受伤,还不如说他害怕。2)morethan+从句(从句中常有can/could等情态助动词)也能表示否定概念。c.ThatismorethanIcantell.d.ThebeautyofBeijingcityismorethanIcandescribe.北京城之美非我能形容。9.notso…as与notsomush…as比较。notso…as与notsomuch…as的含义不同,前者作“不如…、不及…”讲,后者则表示“与其说…不如说…”。a.Londonisn'tsolargeasTokyo.b.ComradeXingisn'tsooldasMr.Smith.c.Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.d.Itwasn'tsomuchhisappearanceIlikedashispersonality.1)themore…themore…越……就越……。例如:Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyou'llmake.越努力,进步越大。2)moreBthanA=lessAthanB与其说A不如说B。例如:Heismorelazythanslowathiswork.=Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.他工作时,与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。3)nomore…than…与……一样……,不比……多。例如:TheofficialscouldseenomorethantheEmperor.官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。noless…than…与……一样……。例如:Heisnolessdiligentthanyou.他和你一样勤勉。4)morethan不只是,非常。例如:Sheismorethankindtousall.她对我们非常热心。10.和more有关的词组典型例题1)TheweatherinChinaisdifferentfrom____.A.inAmericaB.oneinAmericaC.AmericaD.thatinAmerica答案:D.本题意为中国的天气比美国热。比较的是天气而不是国家,C不能选。A没有名词,后句成分不全,排除。B和D中,B中的one常用来代替可数名词,而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词,所以选D。2)Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced___tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyas答案C.此句意为这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍。表示倍数用倍数+as+形容词原形+as+比较对象的句型。所以此句答案为C。11.比较结构的词序在as…as或是MORETHAN结构中,如果出现名词,通常将名词放在比较结构的中间或之前。Ihaven’tseenasoldacarasthisforJohn.Ihaven’tseenacarasoldasthisforJohn.TherearemoreintelligentmenthanJohn.TherearemenmoreintelligentthanJohn.在as…as与复数名词搭配时或与某些限定语时,只能将比较结构用作名词的后置修饰定语Icancarryparcelsasheavyasthis.Fetchmesomewaterascleanasthis.Maryis_______thanAlice.(1992)A.moreexperiencedateacherB.amoreexperiencedteacherC.moreanexp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