光学综合孔径干涉成像技术

1004-924X(2002)05-0434-09王海涛,周必方(国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所,江苏南京210042):U_VU_V(),:光干涉;光学综合孔径;图像重构;闭合相位;U_V覆盖:O436.1:A1引言,,;,,,,()(),;,[1],,,,,,,:U_V,2光学综合孔径成像原理1N_G,x_y,u_v,VanCitter_Zernike(-),I(N,G)Z()(x1,y1)(x2,y2),J(x1,y1;x2,y2)vx=x2-x1,vy=y2-y1,(NG)2,I(NG),-:J(x1,y1;x2,y2)=Ke-jW(…KZ)2QQ]-]I(N,G)exp{j2P…KZ($xN+$yG)}dNdGW:W=P…KZ[(x22+y22)-(x21+y21)]=P…KZ(Q22-Q21),(1),…K,Q1Q2(x2,y2)(x1,y1),,::2002-02-17;:2002-09-26:,863105200210OpticsandPrecisionEngineeringVol.10No.5Oct.20021Fig.1Themodelofinterferenceimaging.L(x1,y1;x2,y2)=e-jWQQ]-]I(N,G)exp{j2P…KZ($xN+$yG)}dNdGQQ]-]I(N,G)dNdG,(2)W(1),|L(x1,y1;x2,y2)|:J12=#12(0)=L(p1,t)L@(p2,t),(3)L12=J12[I(Q1)I(Q2)]12,(4),L(p,t)Q,t,#12(S),,J12L12,,(vx,vy)Zi:I(u,v)=I(1)+I(2)+2I(1)I(2)|L12|cos2P…KZi($xu+$yv)+U12,(5)L12(4),,I(1)=I(2),|L12|:(Tu,Tv)=1…KZi($x,$y),(6),/0,,/0(Tu,Tv),(vx=…KZiTu,vy=…KZiTv)/0/0,/0,,,,(),(2),,,(…KZiTu,…KZiTv),(Tu,Tv),,,(),,,,,,,,,(2):2,,u_v()u_v,u_v(4355,:),u_v,,,,2Fig.2Sketchmapofopticalsynthesisapertureimagetheory.[2-3],,u_v3光学综合孔径成像技术,,,u_v3.1,1958Jen-neson[4],D.H.Rogstad[5],W.T.RhodesJ.W.Good-man[6]19731986BaldwinHaniff[7]Nature,1996COAST,[8],,[9],33Fig.3Sketchmapofthreetelescopes_interferometer.123,4361012,2331,,:12U(1-2)=U0(1-2)+2PR(A2-A1),(7),12U(1-2),U0(1-2),A2-A1(),2PR(A2-A1),,:U(2-3)=U0(2-3)+2PR(A3-A2),(8)U(3-1)=U0(3-1)+2PR(A1-A3),(9),:U(1-2-3)=U(1-2)+U(2-3)+U(3-1)=U0(1-2)+U0(2-3)+U0(3-1),(10)U(1-2-3),,(),,,,,(10)U0(1-2),U0(2-3)U0(3-1),5,N=C25=10,C35=10,10,10,10,10U0(i-j)?,,10U0(i-j);,,:N,,,N3,C3N=N(N-1)(N-2)3@2@1,N,,C2N=N(N-1)2,,N(N-1)/2N,C3N,,C3N,,4:4Fig.4Relationshipoftriangles.,:U(1-2-3)=U(1-2-4)+U(4-2-3)+U(1-4-3),(11)n,:U(1-2-3)=U(1-2-n)+U(n-2-3)+U(1-n-3),(12),C3N,C3N-1(,(12),N-3,N-3+2=N-1,N-13),:C3N-C3N-1=(N-1)(N-2)2,14375,:1Table1PhaseinformationcontainedintheclosurephasesaloneNumberoftelescopenFourierphase(accordingtoeachbaseline)C2nNumberofclosingtrianglesC3nNumberofindependentclosurephaseC3n-C3n-1=C2n-1PercentageofphaseinformationC2n-1/C2n=1-2/n331133%51010660%721351571%21210133019090%27351292532593%50122519600117696%,,3~50,2190%n,C2n-1(),C2n()C2n-1C2n3.33.2u_vu_v,,,3.2.1光学综合孔径望远镜阵的u_v覆盖技术,(),,,55Fig.5Non_redundantmasksintriple_interferometersequence.u_v,Nd,,,u_vN,N(N-1)+1(NC2N=N(N-1)/2,uv,N(N-1),)ai(0[i[N(N-1)/2),a0=0,u_v()N43810,u_v,fco:fco=[N@(N-1)+12]@2dK,(13),d13@du_v,fc,Afc=Afco=A[N@(N-1)+12]@2dK,(14),A=1,A1,fcu-vN,A,A:A=N(N-1)2@[Max0[i[N(N-1)2-1(ai+1-ai)]@1aN(N-1)/2,(15),A=1ai=i@a10[i[N(N-1)/2,AA:A=1/A3.2.2增加u_v覆盖5,,u_v,(6),,u_v,u_v(u_v)u_v,6,,u_vu_v,TuTv90b180b,,,n,nu_v,u_vu_vu_v,u_v,,COAST,,,3010,[8]65Fig.6Spatial_frequencydiagramshowinglocationsofFouriercomponentsrecordedwithmasksac-cordingtoFig.5.,,u_v,(),()u_vu_vu_vu_v,,u_vu_v,,Cornwell[10],u_vQ=K/D,u_v,u_v()4395,:,,,,u_v3.32,,(3.1,),,,(CLEAN)[11](MEM)[12-13]CLEANMEM3.1u_v/0,C2n-1C2n,n_1,n_1,n_1,C2n-1,,,u_v(10ms,)()Ai,,Hi,,,:F=FFT-1(EAiexpHI),(16)Fu_v,,/0CLEANMEM,,,/0n_1,,,n_1,/0n_1,,,,/0n_1;,,77Fig.7Theiterativehybrid_mappingalgorithm.440104光学综合孔径干涉成像技术研究的应用,,,[14],():,,,;,;,,:[1]李继陶.统计光学基础[M].:,1998.[2]PierreCruzalebes.OpticalSimulationofa5AperturesSpectro_interferometerforIMAOINO[A].Proc.ESO/NOAO[C],1988,757_767.[3]MozurkewichD.ArraylayoutandBeamCombinationConsiderationsNecessaryForImagingwithaLongBaselineOpticalInterferometer[A].Proc.ESO/NOAO[C]1988,801_804.[4]JennisonRC.AphaseSensitiveinterferometertechniqueforthemeasurementofthefouriertransformsofspatialbright-nessdistributionsofsmallangularextent[J].MNRAS,1958,118(3):276_284.[5]RogstadDH.ATechniqueforMeasuringVisibilityPhasewithanOpticalInterferometerinthePresenceofAtmosphericSeeing[J].ApplOpt,1968,7(4):585_588.[6]RhodesWT,GoodmanJW.Interferometrictechniqueforrecordingandrestoringimagesdegradedbyunknownaberra-tions[J].J.OPT.Soc.Am.A,1973,63(6):647_657.[7]BaldwinJE,HaniffCA,MackayCD.Closephaseinhighresolutionopticalimaging[J].Nature,1986,320(17):595_597.[8]BaldwinJE,BeckettMG,BoysenRC,etal.Thefirstimagesfromanopticalaperturesynthesisarray:mappingofCapellawithCOASTattwoepochs[J].AandA,1996,306,13_16.[9]MonnierJD.AnintroductiontoClosurephases[A].PrincipleofLongBaselineStellarInterferometry.NASAReport.2000[C].EditedbyP.R.Lawson,2000,203_230.[10]CornwellTJ.AnovelprincipleforoptimizationoftheinstantaneousFourierplanecoverageofcorrelationarrays[J].IEEEtransactiononantennasandpropagation,1988,36(8):1165_1167.[11],,,.Clean[J]..2000,(2):1_9.[12]MonnierJD.Infraredinterferomtryandspectroscpyofcircumstellarenvelope[D],Ph.Dthesis,UniversityofCalifor-niaatBerkeley,1999.[13],.[M].:,1999,187_208.[14],.[J].,2002,9:1109_1115.4415,:OpticalsynthesisapertureinterferenceimagetechnologyWANGHai_tao,ZHOUBi_fang(NanjingInstituteofAstronomicalOpticsandTechnology,NationalAstronomicalObservatory,Nanjing210042,China)Abstract:Closurephasetechnology,U_Vcoveragetechnologyandimagereconstructiontechnologyarethreekeytechnologiesforopticalsynthesisapertureimage.Thispaperdetailstheclosurephasetheory,U_Vcoveragetechnology(whichcontainsrealtimecoverandnonrealtimecoverthroughaperturerotation)andthecommonmethodforimagereconstruction,aswellasthehybridmethodfor