初中英语常见常考易混词用法辨析七年级1besides,except,exceptfor,but(1)besides包括后面所提及的人或物在内,“除、、、之外还(又)”。Twenty-fivestudentswenttothecinemabesideshim.(2)except不包括后面所提及的人或物在内,“抛开、、、不谈”。Twenty-fivestudentswenttothecinemaexcepthim.(3)exceptfor不包括后面所提及的人或物在内的“除了”,后面跟的词与句子的主语不属于同类。Yourarticleisverygoodexceptforsomemistakes.(4)but常与every,any,all,none,no以及它们与thing,body,where构成的复合词等连用。有的已经成为了惯用语,如:allbut“几乎,除、、、之外全部”,anythingbut“除、、、之外都”,nothingbut“只不过是、、、”。Thereisnothingbutacuponthetable.练习:1)Allthequestionsareeasy_________thelastone.2)Doyouthinkofnothing_____________watchingfootball?3)Hiscompositionisgood__________forsomemistakes.4)Hehasmanyrelatives_____________hisunclelivinginShanghai.5)Doyouknowanyotherlanguage__________English?2reach,arrivein/at,getto(1)reach+地点,“到达”。(2)arrivein+大地方,arriveat+小地方,“抵达、达到某地(尤指行程的终点)”。(3)getto+地点,“到达”。(4)当arrivein/at和getto后面跟的是地点副词here,there,home等,则省略介词in/at/to。(5)当只表明“到了”,而未表明地点时用arrive。练习:1)Mysister________schoolat7a.meveryday.2)UncleLi__________NewYorkthedaybeforeyesterday.3)Youcan___________therailwaystationbybus.4)Myfather_________at8:00thismorningbyairplane.5)Howdidyou______________homeyesterdayafternoon?6)Doyouhowto___________there?7)Iwilltelyouhowto____________here,sodnotworry.3attheendof,intheend,bytheendof(1)attheendof指某段时间的结束或某段路程的终止处,“在、、、结束时”,“在、、、尽头”。Ourschoolheldasportsmeetingattheendoflastterm.Attheendofthisstreetyouwillfindabookshop.(2)intheend相当于atlast,finally,“最后,终于”。Intheendtheycaughtthethief.(3)bytheendof用于过去完成时或将来时,“到、、、末为止”。BytheendoflasttermwehavelearnedfiveEnglishsongs.Thisquestionwillhavebeenansweredbytheendoftoday.练习:1)WewillhaveanEnglishexam_________________January.2)Iamsureeverythingwillturnoutsatisfactory_______________.3)________________themeeting,everyonestooduptogivetheapplause.4)______________lastmonth,Ihadplantedthousandsftrees.4it,one,that(1)it代替上文所提到的那个事物,一般指物,不指人。可以代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。复数形式是they或them。Ihave50yuan.Myunclegaveittomelastweek.(2)one代替上文出现过的单数名词,以免重复。泛指代人或物。所指代的人或物属于同类事物中不同的一个,即替代的是一个带有不定冠词的可数名词的单数形式。复数形式是ones。Ihavelostmyoldwatch.Thisisanewone.(3)that代替前面同类不同一的事物。可以代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。代替可数名词时,复数形式是those。that不可以替代表示人的名词,它可以根据语义在后面加上一些定语,多数是of的短语;他的前面不能存在任何定语。Thewaterinwellsiscleanerthanthatintherivers.练习:1)DoyouneedanEnglish-Chinesedictionary?Ihave__________.2)Thelanguageusedinadvertisementsdiffersfrom__________usedinordinaryreadings.3)Thecolorofthejacketisbetterthan__________ofmine.4)Isawonlyonemotorcarintheshop.Wouldyougoandbuy__________?5)Maybeitistruethatwedonotknowwhatwehavegotuntilwelose_________.5lookfor,lookup,find,findout(1)lookfor“寻找”,强调找的过程。(2)Lookup“查找”,强调查字典、电话号码。(3)Find“找到,发现”,强调找的结果。(4)Findout“查明,发现,了解”,指的是经过认真观察、调查或研究把某事或某物查出来、搞清楚,多用于复杂而不容易直接查出的情况。练习:1)I’m__________mywatch,butIcan’t________it.2)Ifyoudonotknowthewords,youcan__________them_________inthedictionary.3)I__________itdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.4)Theteacherwantedto__________whohadbrokenthedoor.6aswell,aswellas(1)aswell相当于also,too“也,又”。常放在句子末尾,无需用逗号与句子分开。IamgoingtoLondonandmysisterisgoingaswell.(2)aswellas“也,还”。常用来连接两个并列的成分。连接连个并列的主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致;翻译时先翻译后面,在翻译前面。Yourwifeaswellasyouisfriendlytome.练习:1)Theteachers_____________thestudentsareworkingovertime.2)Theyplayedallkindsofinstrumentsandsang___________.7ratherthan,insteadof,inplaceof(1)ratherthan和would连用时构成wouldrather...than...“宁愿、、、而不愿、、、”的句式,表示主观愿望,在两者中择一。Shewouldratherdiethanloseherchildren.ratherthan不和would连用时,表示客观事实,“是、、、而不是、、、;与其、、、不如、、、”。它的并列成分可以是名词,代词,形容词,介词(短语),动名词,分句,不定式,动词等等。Ratherthan连接两个主语时,谓语动词应该和前面的主语保持一致。Ratherthan连接两个不定式时,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to。Heisanexplorerratherthanasailor.YouratherthanIaregoingtogocamping.Idecidedtowriteratherthan(to)telephone.(2)insteadof“代替”,“做、、、而不做、、、”。Myparentsjustcalledme.I’mafraidIhavetohavedinnerwiththeminsteadofshoppingwithyoutonight.(3)inplaceof“代替”。着重强调一种物质替换另一种物质。Plasticsarenowoftenusedinplaceofwoodormetal.练习:1)Heran___________walked.2)_______________makingprogress,myworkactuallyseemstobegoingbackwards.3)Williamtalkedatthemeeting____________themanagerwhowassick.8alive,living(1)alive“活着的,有生命的”,和系动词be连用,着重表示一种状态,作表语。Hewasstillaliveafterthecaraccident.(2)Living“有生命的,生活的”,在句子中作定语,放在所修饰的名词的前面或代词的后面。Therearenolivingthingsonthemoon.练习:1)TheGeneralwascaught_________bytheenergy.2)Youcanaskhimaboutit.Heisa____________dictionary.9sound,voice,noise(1)sound指的是自然界的一切声音,是声音的总称;(2)Voice指的是说话人的声音;(3)Noise指的是噪音。Therewasastrangesoundoutside.Shehasabeautifulvoice.Don’tmakesomuchnoise.练习:1)Atmidnightheheardastrange__________fromthenextroom.2)Don’tmakeany___________inclass.3)Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,ourmonitorspokeinaloud_______,“standup”.10say,speak,talk,tell(1)say+内容(+语言),“说”。Saygoodbye/aword.SayitinEnglish,please.Canyouunderstandwhatshesaid.(2)speak+语言,“讲话”。WouldyoupleasespeakChinese,please?Ican’tunderstandyou.(3)talk“讲话,谈论,谈话”。talkto/with/aboutTheyweretalkingaboutafilmwhentheteachercamein.(4)tell“告诉,讲述”。tell+抽象的整体tellastorytellsthtosb,tellsb(about)sth,tellsb(not)todosthI’lltellherthenewsassoonasIseeher.练习:1Jack:I'mgoingto_______astorytomystudentsthisafternoon.Jessica:Areyougoing_____itinChineseorinEng