定语从句讲解与专项练习

定语从句［概念］在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句必须放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关联词（关系代词/关系副词）。如：关联词常见的关联词：关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose关系副词：where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。试一试将下列句子合并为一句1.XiaoWanghasfoundthekey.Ilostthekeyyesterday.XiaoWanghasfoundthekeywhich/thatIlostyesterday.2.Whereisthebeautifulpicture?YouboughtitlastSunday.Whereisthebeautifulpicturewhich/thatyouboughtlastSunday.3.Thebridgehasbeenrebuiltnow.Itwasbuiltin1956.Thebridgethat/whichwasbuiltin1956hasbeenrebuiltnow.4.Thebuildingisontheotherendofthestreet.Sheislookingforthebuilding.Thebuildingthat/whichsheislookingforisontheotherendofthestreet.1.Thebook___Iboughtyesterdayislost.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.whom2.Theriver___isinfrontofmyvillageisquiteclean.A.whoB.whatC./D.that3.MountWuyi___liesinthenorthofFujianisfamousforitsmountains.A.whichB.whatC.whoD.whose4.Thisisthebook___Iwantverymuch.A.whoB.thisC.itD.that5.Chinaisagreatcountry___hasabout5,000yearsofhistory.A.thatB.whoC.orD.whereADADA考一考标出下列句中的定语从句，并将句子译为汉语1.Bringmethemagazinewhichliesontheshelfinthelivingroom.把客厅里书架上的那本杂志给我拿来。2.Therearesomedesksandchairsinthemeetingroom.Whichneedrepairing.会议室里有一些需要修理的桌椅。3.TherubbishwhichWangDonghascollectedmustbeburnt.王东收集的垃圾必须烧掉。注意：关系词只能用that的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。注意继续d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。例如：ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。注意（二）：关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that。例如：What'sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。例如：Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴关于非限制性定语从句的分类•根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。(非限制性定语从句高中学，初中不作要求)which/that(which/that)(who/that)(1)Thesearethetreeswereplantedlastyear.(2)ThecarheisusingismadeinChina.(3)Isthisthemanyoumetyesterday?(4)Isthisthemusicianyoulikebest?(that/who)巩固练习Ⅰ：填入关系代词that,which,who1.TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.Theboywho/thatissmilingisTom.Thegirlthat/whohasaroundfaceisKate.2.ThegirlisKate.Shehasaroundface.3.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heisthemanwho/thatItoldyouabout.巩固练习Ⅱ：以划线的句子为定语组成一个定语从句4.Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(who/that)everyonelikesiskind.Thewoman(whom/that)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.5.Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.小测：用适当的关系词填空：1.LastnightIsawaverygoodfilm,_____wasabouttheyouth.2.Ilikeplaces______itisquiet.3.Mybirthdayisatime____Igetlotsofpresents.4.Themeetingwasputoff,__________wasexactlywhatwewanted.5.Thestudent_________youwanttoseehascome.6.Thegirl________fatherisamartyrstudiesveryhard.whichwherewhenwhichwho/whomwhose难点(1)：区分who,whom,whose1.Theman_____talkedtoyoujustnowisaworker.2.Theforeigner________visitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.3.Isawsometrees_______leaveswereblack.4.Anurseisaperson_______jobistotakecareofthepatientinthehospital.5.I’dliketoseetheboy______youtalkedabout.6.Thegirl______wesawyesterdayisJohn’ssister.whowhowhosewhosewhomwhom难点(2):关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略，作主语则不可。1.Didyoureadthebook________Ilendtoyou?A.whoseB./C.whoD.what2.Didyoureadthebook_______waspopularatthemoment.A.thatB./C.whoD.whatBA难点(3):介词前置：1、介词前置时不可用that代替。2、词组不可前置1.Thisisthedictionary______Ipaidtendollars.A.whichB./C.whoD.forwhich2.Isawawomen_____Italkedyesterday.A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.whose3.Thisisthefarm_______Ionceworked.A.inwhichB.onwhichC.atwhichD.which4.Isthisbook________youare________?A.forwhich,lookingB.forthat,lookingC.which,lookingforD.which,lookingDCBC难点(4):特殊情况1.Tomtoldhisfathereverything_____hadhappened.A.thatB.whichC.\D.what2.Finally,thethiefhandedallmoney_____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.what3.Thisisthelasttime__________I’llteachyou.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich4.ThefilmIsawafewdaysagoisthebestone____I’lleverseen.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.onwhichACBC5.Thereisabook________youhaveread.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who6.Itisabook_______isveryinteresting.A.whoB.whichC./D.that7.Whoisthegirl_________issingingattheparty.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which8.Theyvisitedtheworkersandfactories_______theyhadknownabout.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.thatADCD难点(5):关系副词where、when和why做地点状语、时间状语和原因状语并可与介词+which转换。1.Wewillneverforgetthehardtime_______weworkedonthefarm.A.whoBwhenCwhereDwhy2.Wehavejustflownoverthemountain______weplantedmanytreeslastyear.A.whoBwhenCwhereDwhy3.Leaveyourshoes______theyare.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.what4.Thereason______shedidn’tcometothepartyisherbadcough.A.whoB.whenC.whereDwhyCCBD定语从句专项练习题[初中中考衔接]1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC