定语从句讲解二(1)

Theearthisround,___weallknow.___isknowntoall,theearthisround___isknowntoallthattheearthisround.asAsIt定语从句在句首时只能用as,as具有“正如”之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的一、关系代词as的使用•ThisisthesamebookasIlost.•ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.这本书和我丢的那本一样（同一类）。这本书就是我丢的那本（同一个）。as的使用Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.asas这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。定语从句as的使用Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.thatthat这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。so/such...that(如此...以至于)结果状语从句as的使用(2)as多用于下列习惯用语中asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样asiswellknown=asisknowntoall众所周知aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述asismentionedabove正如上面提到的1.Itisveryusefultomasteraforeignlanguage,_____hasbeensaidbefore.which2.___everyonehoped,Maryhaswonthefirstprize.Asas引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，句末，而which引导定语从句不能放在句首.as译为正如，好像。，which则没有此义。as和which的区别使用二.非限制性定语从句1.非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。Mywatch,whichisveryold,stoppedagain.六.1.非限制性定语从句的定义1.Watchthegirlandherdog_____arecrossingthebridge!A.whichB.whoC.theyD.thatD2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.Thisisagoodbook,whichiseasytounderstand.2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as或which引导。(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。(5)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：(6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。Hehastwodaughters,theelderofwhomismarried.Heisill,inspiteofwhichhekeepsonstudying.3.关系代词as,which引导非限制定语从句时的区别(1)as和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如：3.as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.Asisknowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearth.1.关系代词前有介词时(介词提前).指人只用whom,指物只用whichThisistheboywithwhomhetalked.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.2.“介词+关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构：(1)名词+介词+关系代词：Theyliveinahouse,thedoorofwhichfacessouth.4.“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构(2)代词+介词+关系代词：Therearefourstudentsintheclassroom,allofwhomareworkinghard.(3)数词+介词+关系代词：LastSundayIboughtfivebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.(4)形容词比较级/最高级+介词+关系代词：Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.egs:Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargest_____whichisTaiwan.ofHeistheperson___whomyouwillwrite.to_____whomthebookwaswritten.by_____whomIlearntalot.from_____whomIcanturnforhelp.to(turntosb.forhelp)_____whomIworkedinthefactory.with_____whichtherearefewnewwords._____whichtheyaretalking._____whichIlearnedalot._____whichIpaid8yuan.Thisisthebook_____whichIspent8yuan.onforfrominThisistheriver__________weoftenhaveawalk.______________abridgewasbuilt._______thereisaboat.by/besideonwhichover/acrosswhichalongwhich_________whichthereisafactory.Ihavelotsoffriends,andsomeof____arefriendly.Ihavelotsoffriends,some/noneof_______arefriendly.Ihavelotsoffriends.Someof____arefriendly.whomthemthem介词提前1.whom/which作介词的宾语时，介词可提到whom/which之前，此时whom/which不能省略，也不能用that替换。TheladytowhomyouspokelastWednesdayisPaul’swife.IhaveatelescopewithwhichIcanobservethestarsinspace.2.如果被提前的是一个介词短语，应把整个介词短语提前，不能拆开。如果被提前的是一个动词短语，介词不能提前。Iboughtamapaccordingtowhichwecanfindthedestination.ThisisjustthebookwhichI'mlookingfor.四、定语从句中的动词的数Heistheonlyoneinhisclasswho_______(have)gottheteacher’spraiseHeisoneofthestudentsinhisclasswho_______(have)gottheteacher’spraisehashave关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词单项选择1.Thegentleman___youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom2.Thedoctor___youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which3.Theteacherfor____youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that4.Thedoctor_B___isleavingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalkingtoC.thenurseistalkingtoD.thatthenurseistalkingBAB5.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose6.Thebike________wasstolen.A.whichmymotherbuysmeB.whomymotherboughtmeC.whichmymotherboughtmeD.thatmymotherbuysme7.Thedog___ownerisanoldmanisverylovely.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.whoCCB8.Heistheonlyoneofthethree_____gotthenewidea.A.whohaveB.whomhaveC.whohasD.whosehad9.Intheschoolthereareonethousandstudents,and45%of_____aregirls.A.whichB.thoseC.whomD.them10.Thereason_____hedidn’tdohishomeworkwas_____hewasn’ttoldto.A.why;thatB.which;becauseC.which;thatD.why;because11.Youcanhardlyimaginethedifficulty(shehad)______enoughevidence(证据)toprovethecase.A.collectedB.tocollectC.collectingD.tohavecollected12.Canyouthinkofascene_____thiswordcanbeused?A.whereB.whichC.whileD.whyTips:•1.关系词的选用，取决于先行词在从句中的成份，而不是它本身。•2.定语从句不能滥用。如果能用简单句表达出来的东西就不用从句来表达。