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定语从句的特点：1.具有形容词性质2.从句前一定要有先行词修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定从句的关联词有：定语从句关系代词：who,whomwhose,which,that关系副词：when,where考点：一：关系词的选择二：As引导定语从句三：that和which四：关系代词前介词的确定五：关系副词where的正确运用关系词的选择：定语从句的关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词两大类。关系代词、关系副词有三个功能：____________________、______________。关系代词that、which、who(m)、whose引导定语从句,在从句中充当______、______等；关系副词where、when、why引导定语从句，分别在从句中充当_____、_____、和______状语。地点时间原因主语宾语连接词代表先行词在从句中作成分!关系代词和副词的选定取决于两个要素：1.先行词是人还是物2.关系代词或副词在定语从句中所充当的成分关系词的确定:关系代词---从句结构不完整却没有宾语)(缺主语或从句动词为vt关系副词---从句结构完整(主语已经存在且从句谓语为不待介词的vi)定语从句的位置定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。e.g.Thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear.先行词定语从句Doyouknowtheman?Hespokejustnow.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?考点：that和which以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。1.先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g.Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolen.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g.ThisisthebestbookthatI’veeverread.3.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，用that。e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.当主句的主语是who或which时，用thatWhoistheboythatwaitingatthedoor?WhichisthebookthatyouborrowedfromJohn?1)介词＋关系代词人：whom物：which关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定：1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaper__________youoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidioms_____________I’mnotsure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyear___________theP.R.C.wasfounded.forwhichaboutwhichinwhichwhom指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略。e.g.Doyouknowtheman(whom)wesawattheBeijingHotel?ThegirlisfromAmerica.Icalledherjustnow.Thegirl(whom)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.which指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。e.g.I’mnotinterestedinthebookwhichhasjustbeenpublished.appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.Theapplewhichisredissmall.Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.Ihavereadthenewspaper.Itcarriestheimportantnews.Ihavereadthenewspaperwhichcarriestheimportantnews.Ishowedhimtheletter.IreceiveditthismorningIshowedhimtheletter(which)Ireceivedthismorning.that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。ThehousethatI’mgoingtobuyfacessouth.They’retalkingaboutthefilm.Ihaveseenthefilm.They’retalkingaboutthefilm(that)I’veseen.ItwaswrittenbyLaoshe.Janehasborrowedthebook.JanehasborrowedthebookthatwaswrittenbyLaoshe.*先行词前有下列词语修饰时,定语从句必须用that引导。all,every,any,little,few,much,no,only,very,the+序数词,the+形容词最高级eg.Thisisthecleanestparkthatyoucanimagine.eg.ThisistheonlybookthathasbeenwritteninFrench.eg.Hetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonshehadvisitedinthecity.*在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用that引导。thateg.Whoisthemanisstandingoverthere?that*先行词在从句中作表语时,限制性定语从句通常用that引导。(常可省略)eg.Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasbeforeshewenttothecountry.*whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。Thegirlgotfirst.Herfatherhadgivenusareport.Thegirlwhosefatherhadgivenusareportgotfirst.eg.That’sthemanwhosehousewasburneddown.Thatisthenewmachine.Thepartsofitaretoosmalltosee.That’sthemachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltosee.巩固练习1.Thefarmweworkedtenyearsagoisn’twhatitusedtobe.2.Heisthemanyoucanturnforhelp.3.Thisisthetreeweusedtoplaygames.onwhichtowhomunderwhich当关系代词作lookafter,lookfor等不能拆开使用的固定搭配的宾语时，介词一般不提前。4.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_______________wecan’tlive.5.Thestudent___________weweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.6.I’llneverforgettheday__________shesaidgoodbyetome.7.Whocangivemethereason________hehasn’tturnedupyet?withoutwhichaboutwhomonwhichforwhich关系代词前介词的确定4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.关系代词前的介词的确定5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.关系副词where的正确运用：注意先行词是抽象名词时(point,case,situation,system,stage,culture..)：1.Aco-housingcomplexisaplacewhereresidentsshop,cook,andeattogether.2.Iremembersittingatthefamilydinnertablewhereeveryonehadgatheredexceptmysister.3.Thus,misunderstandingsarisebetweenpeoplefromcultureswheretimeistreateddifferently.1.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_________wevisitedthreemonthsago?2.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,______wasbeyondhiswildestdream.3.Women_______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose________don't.(2006北京)A.who;不填B.不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填;不填that/which/\which4.Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehouse_______roofisunderrepair.(2006福建)5.Wearelivinginanage______manythingsaredoneoncomputer.(03北京)6.Ifashophaschairs________womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.(05上海)whosewhenwhere先行词+横线+名词，横线部分考虑填whose当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时，不能草率地认为定语从句就一定用when和where引导，要分析句子结构，考虑关系词在从句中的作用再确定用关系副词还是关系代词：关系词在句中充当主语、宾语---which、that关系副词在句中充当状语---where、whenThisisthemuseum_____myfatherusedtowork.Thisistheschool_____wevisitedlastweek.wherewhich/that/\I’llneverforgetthedays_____Istudiedinthisuniversity.I’llneverforgetthedays_____wespenttogether.whenwhich/that/\解题诀窍：可根据从句谓语动词是及物还是不及物而定1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itChoose