定语从句课件1

GrammarTheRelativeClause定语从句TheboyisHarryPotter.WhichoneisHarryPorter?TheboywhoiswearingglassesisHarryPorter.定语从句先行词关系代词定语从句的基本概念1定语从句是整个句子充当定语,来修饰名词或代词。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟先行词。定从一般用关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在含义上替代先行词,并在定语从句中充当一个成分。定语从句的基本概念2•关系代词：•代人:who（主语/宾语），whom（宾语）•代物:which（主语/宾语）•代人或物:that(主语/宾语)•Whose某人的/某物的,（先行词的所有格)；•关系代词在从句中做主语，不能省略;•做宾语，可以省略。定语从句的基本概念4•关系副词：•Where表示地点，在定从中作地点状语;•When表示时间，在定从中作时间状语;•Why表示原因，在定从中作原因状语。•关系代词•which•who/whom•that•关系副词•when•where•why•诀窍:1.先找定语从句所修饰的先行词;2.再判断定从里缺少成分吗?3.如缺成分,缺的是什么成分?主语还是宾语?4.缺成分用关系代词，不缺成分用关系副词Practice•1.Doyouknowthelady_____gaveusaspeechlastweek?•(who,that)•2.Thebook______costme1,200yuanisanencyclopaedia.•(which,that)•3.Heisaman_____weshouldlearnfrom.•(whom,who,that,/)•4.Thatistheplace______Iwasborn.•(where)•5.I’llneverforgettheday______shesaidgoodbye.•(when)•6.Thatisthereason______Iamnotinfavoroftheplan.•(why)•7.Iknowtheforest______youcanfindwildstrawberries.•(where)•8.Iknowtheforest_____youcanfindwildstrawberriesin.•(which)=Iknowtheforestinwhichyoucanfindwildstrawberries.•9.Haveyouseenthemovie_____wearetalkingabout?•(which,that,/)•10.Haveyouseenthemovieabout_____wearetalking?•(which;介词一旦提前,宾语不能省略!!!)•11.Thegiftwassentbyherson____isservinginthearmy.•(who,that)•12.Thegiftwassentbyherson,whoisservinginthearmy.•(11,限制性定从,限定作用;•12,非限制性定从,补充修饰作用)•13.Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass_____homesareinPudongnewarea?•(whose)•14.Theyhaveinvitedustovisittheirschool,whichisverykindofthem.•(非限制性定从中的which还可以指代前面一句话!!!)只用that,不能用which的5种情况A.当先行词是不定代词时(anything，everything，nothing，all，little)1.Doyouhaveanythingthatyoudon’tunderstand?2.Everythingthatcanbedonehasbeendone.3.I’mnotinterestedinallthathetoldme.=I’mnotinterestedinwhathetoldme.（宾从）•B.当先行词被最高级形容词所修饰时,•1.ThisisthehighestbuildingthatIhaveeverseen.•2.Doyouthinkthisisthemostpowerfulcomputerthathaseverbeeninvented?•C.当先行词被序数词修饰时•1.Thesecondquestionthatwasdiscussedatthemeetingwasthemostimportant.•2.Thisisthelastbookthatisonmyreadinglist.•D.当先行词被all，no，only，any，very，just，much等词修饰时ThisistheverybookthatI’vebeenlookingfor.ThisistheonlyexamplethatIcangiveyou.E.当先行词由人和物共同组成Herearethepeopleandthebooksthat/OIlove.不能用that的两种情况•A.在非限制性定语从句中•1.We’vecollectedmanystamps,whichareallverynice.•2.ThisnotewasleftbyMr.Wu,whowashereamomentago.•B.在介词后面•1.Thisiscountrytowhichhewantstogo.ASAs也是关系代词，用于1.Such…as…和thesame…as…结构中Iwanttobuysuchaskirtasyouarewearing.Iwanttobuythesameskirtasyouarewearing.(比较:Iwanttobuythesameskirtthatyouarewearing.)AS•2.或在非限制性定语从句中表示前面整个句子.•Shehasdoneagoodjob,asweallknow.•Asweallknow,shehasdoneagoodjob.Way做先行词?•Way做先行词,表示方式方法:•定语从句中,可以用•1.inwhich•2.that•3.OWay做先行词?•1.WallanceandDarwinagreedonthewayinwhichdifferentformsoflifehadbegun.•2.Thewayinwhichthesecomradeslookatproblemsiswrong.•3.Thewaythatthesecomradeslookatproblemsiswrong.Way做先行词?•4.Thewaythesecomradeslookatproblemsiswrong.•5.Musiciansrarelyagreeonthewayapieceofmusicshouldbeplayed.Practiceagain•1.Theoldwomanhastwosons,oneof____isaprofessor.•2.Theoldwomanhastwosons,andoneof_____isaprofessor.•(1.whom,•2.them)Practiceagain3.Doyouknowwhyhewasabsent?（宾从）4.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewasabsent?（定从）5.Doyouknowthereasonwhich(that)mayexplainhisabsence?（定语从句）以上三句含义相同，句式不同。Practiceagain6.Thereasonthatyouwereillyesterdayisnotaccepted.（你昨天生病的原因没有被接受。）•这是一句“同位语”从句的句子，“reason”与“youwereillyesterday”表达的是同等意思，因此关系词不能用“which”，只能用“that”。Practiceagain•7.Thenewsthatourteamwonthegamemadeusexcited.（我们队赢的消息使我们激动.同位语从句）8.Thenewswhich(that)Iheardthroughtheradioisexciting.（我从广播中听到的消息令人激动.定语从句）Practiceagain9.定语从句中的插入语•Hemadeaspeech,whichIthoughtwasofgreatimportance.•Jimmyistheboy,whoeverybodybelieveswillwinthefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition.Practiceagain•在上述句子中，Ithought,everybodybelieves是插入语，还有Isuppose,everybodyknows等在定语从句中出现，容易受其迷惑而用错关系词。比如在上述第二句中就不能用“whom”，因为“who”是从句的主语，而“everybodybelieves”是插入语。因此在有插入语的定语从句中，考虑用什么关系代词或副词时，可暂时不考虑插入语，以免受其迷惑。