定语从句重点难点

定语从句重点难点分析限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句restrictiveandnon-restrictiveattributiveclause限制性定语从句用于对主句先行词加以限制或分类，是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不能用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有它不影响主句意思的完整，常用逗号把主句和从句分开。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句restrictiveandnon-restrictiveattributiveclause1.Thisisthebook(that)Iwaslookingfor.2.Allthosewhohavebookeddinnerpleasegototherestaurantnow?3.I,whoamblind,adviseyoutouseyoureyeswell.4.Lastyears’winnerpresentedthecup,whicheachholderkeepsfortheyear.注意：非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。1.关系代词who和whom在运用中的注意点(1)who既可在从句中作主语，也可作宾语。whom在从句中只能作宾语。(2)介词后的宾语只能是whom.Themanwho/whomyoutalkedabouthascome.Themanaboutwhomyoutalkedhascome.(3)注意分析关系代词在从句中究竟是作主语还是宾语。ThisisProfessorLi,whoIthinkhassomethinginterestingtotellus.Ithink是插入语，若去掉Ithink，从句仍是完整的句子：whohassomethinginterestingtotellus。关系代词who作主语。2.关系代词which在运用中的注意点which指物，在从句中通常用作主语、宾语和定语。(1)SomeformsofgreetingwhicharegoodmannersinChinaarenownotconsideredsoinBritainorsomeotherEnglish-speakingcountries.(2)TodayMichelangelo’sworksarestillexamplesfromwhichartstudentsmustlearn.(3)Mysisterspentfiveyearsatuniversity,duringwhichtimeshestudiedmedicine.(4)Fiveyearsoflifeinprisonchangedhimgreatly,forwhichreasonshecouldhardlyrecognizehimatfirstsight.3.只能用关系代词that的情况(1)先行词是something,everything,much,little,few,all,any,none等不定代词时，或先行词被all,every,few,little,much,some,any等词所修饰时。(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或被序数词修饰时。(3)当先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时。(4)关系代词既指人又指物时。(5)当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时。(6)当先行词为疑问代词，或主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，避免重复。(7)在There/Herebe句型中。Heisnotthenaughtyboythatyouthoughthimtobe.Whothathasbeenhelpedbyhimcanforgethisheroicaction?Hereisthepaperthatyouleftbehindtheother.4.关系代词as的运用(1)as通常用于such…as…,so…as…,thesame…as…中，引导限制性定语从句。Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Iamofthesameopinionasyouare(of).Heisthesameboythatcametoknockatthedoorbefore.Hereissoheavyacaseasnoonecanmove.Hereissoheavyacasethatnoonecanmoveit.(2)thesame…as…与thesame…that…定语从句的区别。用as引导的定语从句，表示其内容与主句内容的“相似”，用that引导的定语从句，表示其内容与主句内容的“相同”。此外，as引导的从句可省略，that引导的不可省。(3)定语从句such/so…as与状语从句such/so…that的区别。as引导的是定语从句，as在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语；that引导的是状语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分，其后一定是一句完整的句子。5.关系副词when,where和why在运用中注意的问题。(1)when指代时间，where指代地点，why指代原因，相当于一个相应的介词+which。•Hewon’tforgetthedaywhen/onwhichhehadhislegbrokeninthetrafficaccident.•Stratford-on-Avonistheplacewhere/inwhichShakespearewasborn.•Smallchildrendon’treallyknowthereasonwhy/forwhichFatherChristmaswillcomeandbringthempresentsduringtheirsleep.(2)where引导的定从还可以修饰如case,condition,point,position,situation,system等表示“情况,方面”等名词。•Theywereinadifficultsituationwherealleffortswereinvain.•Weareinapositionwherewemaylosealargesumofmoney.6.引导非限制性定语从句的which和as的区别(1)which引导的非限制性定从只能位于主句后，as引导的非限制性定从可以位于主句之前、之后或之中。•Asisexpected,theresultissatisfactory.=Theresult,asisexpected,issatisfactory.=Theresultissatisfactory,asisexpected.(2)as表示“正如”，所以as引导的定从通常在意义上与主句保持一致，多为肯定句。•Dickisfinedfordrunkendriving,as/whichisoftenthecase.•Todayhecametothemeetingontime,whichwasunexpected.6.引导非限制性定语从句的which和as的区别(3)在一些固定结构中，用as不用which。如asweknow,asiswell-known,asisoftenthecase,asoftenhappens,asyoumayremember,asismentionedabove…(4)在as+is/was+过去分词结构中is/was可以省略，而在which引导的该结构中，is或was不可省略。•Lincolnwasshotinatheatre,as(was)describedinthefilm.7.定语从句其他注意点(1)必须搞清楚which,who或whom引导的是定语从句，而以and连接的是并列句。•Hefailedtokeephispromise,whichdisappointedme.=Hefailedtokeepthepromise,andthatdisappointedme.•Hehasalotofmagazines,someofwhichareaboutsport.=Hehasalotofmagazines_______________areaboutsport.•Therearefiftystudentsintheclass,________________aregirls.•Therearefiftystudentsintheclassandthree-fifthsofthemaregirls.andsomeofthemthree-fifthsofwhom7.定语从句其他注意点(2)分析含有插入语的定语从句。经常在定语从句中作插入语的有：I(we)believe/think/knoweverybodybelieves/thinks/knows…JimisthenewcomerwhoIbelievehasgreatpotential.若认为该句的关系代词作Ibelieve的宾语而用whom是错误的，因为Ibelieve的宾语不是whom一个词，而是whohasgreatpotential整个句子，因此关系代词在从句中是作主语的。7.定语从句其他注意点(3)区别定语从句和强调句。•Itwasinthecompanythatheworkedwithfortenyears.Itwasinthecompanythatheworkedfortenyears.•—Wheredidyouhaveashampooandset?—Itwasinthehairdressingsalonthatyourecommendedtome.ItwasinthehairdressingsalonthatIhadashampooandset.•ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedScotland.•ItwasforthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedScotland.判断依据：去掉”Itis…that”句子结构是否完整。7.定语从句其他注意点(3)区别定语从句和强调句。•Itwasinthathairdressingsalonwhich/thatwasmanagedbyConeythatImetthepopstar.•Itisalwaysthemouthwhichtalkstoomuchthatarousestroubles.•Itisonlyamanwhohasseenmuchoftheworldthatcanbealeader.注意：带有定语从句的强调句。Itis+被强调的名词+定语从句+that+强调句其余部分7.定语从句其他注意点(4)定语从句中的主谓一致问题。定语从句中动词的单复数取决于先行词。先行词是集体名词时，指整体时，关系代词用which，在从句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数；如集体名词是指其中的成员，则关系代词用who或whom，在从句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数。I,whoamyourtruefriend,havetopointoutyourerror.Thefootballteam,whichisplayingwell,willcomeoutfirst.Thefootballteam,whoarehavingarest,willgiveaninterviewtothereporters.7.定语从句其他注意点(4)定语从句中的主谓一致问题。oneof+复数名词+定语从句，从句的谓语动词用复数the(only)oneof+复数名词+定语从句，从句的谓语动词用单数。Thisisoneofthemovieswhichhavepleasedme.Thisistheonlyoneofthemovieswhichhaspleasedus.7.定语从句其他注意点(5)定语从句和其他形式的转化。定语从句与介词短语的转换定语从句与分词短语的转换Thevasewhich/thatisontheshelfisverynice.Thevaseontheshelfisverynice.Let’ssplashsomewateronthefirewhichisburning.Let’s