高中代词详解及改错练习

1代词一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词1.人称代词主格：主语宾格：宾语、表语或同位语。宾格要与所指代的人称保持一致。Wehavedoneourbest.HehelpedmewithmyEnglish.在口语中，当人称代词独立用于不带谓语的句子中作主语时，常用宾格；当人称代词用于带有强烈感情色彩的句子中作主语时且其后不带宾语，多用宾格。-Iwanttogotothecinematonight.-Me,too.2.物主代词one’sown+名词=名词+ofone’sown“完全属于自己的,自己的……”Theoldmanhasagardenofhisown.=Theoldmanhashisowngarden.Hesawtheaccidentwithhisowneyes.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词名词性物主代词（）只能单独使用，不能做定语。Yourbookisonthedesk.Thisismine.3.反身代词反身代词是动作的发出者把动作反射到发出者本人，因此反身代词与它指代的名词或代词形成互指关系。Theywentoutforawalkandenjoyedthemselves.改错：①Ourneighborsgaveusababybirdyesterdaythathurtitwhenitfellfromitsnest.②Treatyourselftoaglassofwinetohelpyourelaxattheendoftheday.③AmancallinghimRobertcalledyouthismorningwhenyouwereout.④Someofthestampsbelongtome,whiletherestarehisandher.⑤Thereatthedoorstoodagirlaboutthesameheightasme.⑥Tosaveclasstime,ourteacherhaswestudentstodohalfoftheexercisesinclassandcompletetheotherhalfforourhomework.⑦-Susan,goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.-WhyI?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.二．替代词it,one和that1.it指代上文出现过的同一人或事物，复数形式：they/themSheboughtanewbook,shelikeditverymuch.2.it指代不知性别或不明身份的人（常用于口语或非正式文体中）-Whoisknockingatthedoor?-Itmightbethepostman.3.one=a/an+单数指代与前面出现的同名异物的单数可数名词，表泛指用one;ones为其复数形式。IlostmypenandIwanttobuyanewone.4.that=the+单数名词/不可数名词those=the+可数名词复数one与that都可指同类异物的单数可数名词，区别在于：2one泛指,复数形式onesthat特指,复数形式thoseTheweatherhereiscolderthanthatofQingdao.改错：①StudyingWendy’smenu,IfoundthatmanyoftheitemsaresimilartothoseofMcDonald’s.②Oneofthemostimportantquestiontheyhadtoconsiderwasthatofpublichealth.③Nineintenparentssaidthereweresignificantdifferencesintheirapproachtoeducatingtheirchildrencomparedwithwhichoftheirparents.④Carsdocauseussomehealthyproblems—infactfarmoreseriousonethanmobilephonesdo.⑤Ifyou’rebuyingtoday’spaperfromthestand,couldyougetitforme?⑥Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandseewhoheis.⑦Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuyone.⑧Beingaparentisnotalwayseasy,andbeingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarrywithitextrastress.三．不定代词1.one…,theother…(两者中的)一个……,另一个……other+复数/不可数名词，意味“另外的，其他的”，泛指。Theboyhastwopens.Oneisblackandtheotherisblue.IgotthestoryfromTomandsomeotherpeoplewhohadworkedwithhim.2.some…,others…(不确定范围)一些……,另一些……some…,theothers…(不确定范围)一些……,其余的……others”别的”，泛指别的人或物，不可作定语；theothers”其余的”特指别的人或物，不可作定语Somestudentsareplayingfootball,andothersareplayingbasketball.Iwentswimmingwhiletheothersplayedtennis.3.one…another…(三者以上中的)一个……,另一个……another表示不确定范围内的“另一，再一，又一…”可单独使用，也可修饰单数名词；当后接“数词或few+复数名词”时，表示在原有基础上需要“更多数量”的东西。Idon’tlikethisone.Pleaseshowmeanother.Weneedanothertwodaystofinishthetask.4.both,either,neither(二者)both两者都either用于肯定句中，“或者…”与or搭配;用于否定句，表示对两者的否定neither两者都不，常与nor搭配，谓三Bothofthemareteachers.Neitherofhisbrotherslikessports.-Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?-Eitherwilldo.5.none,all,noone(三者及以上)none全否“没有人/物”，谓语单复数均可；可与of连用。noone全否“没有人”all全肯“所有人/物”。指事物的整体或抽象概念时，谓三；Noneofthemknowswhattodonext.Iknowthatalliswellwithher.Noonecanworkoutthatproblem.6.some,any3some一些，多用于肯定句；用于表请求的疑问句中，表希望得到肯定的答复。any常用于否定句、疑问句中，用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个”MayIasksomequestions?Ifthereisanytrouble,turntomeforhelp.改错：①Manypeoplehavedonatedthattypeofblood;however,thebloodbankneedssome.②-WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?-Everywayasyouplease.③Itiseasytodotherepair.Allyouneedareahammerandsomenails.④IhadtobuyallthesebooksbecauseIdidn’tknowwhichonewasthebest.⑤Mybrotherwouldliketobuyagoodwatchbutnothingwasavailablefromthatshop.⑥-Whichofthetwocomputergamesdidyouprefer?-ActuallyIdidn’tlikeneitherofthem.⑦ItwashardforhimtolearnEnglishinafamily,inwhichbothoftheparentsspokethelanguage.⑧ToknowmoreabouttheBritishMuseumyoucanusetheInternetorgotothelibrary,orall.⑨Themanagerbelievespriceswillnotrisebymorethananotherfivepercents.⑩Noprogresswasmadeinthetradetalkasneithersidewouldaccepttheconditionsoftheothers.四.复合不定代词1.everything,something,anything,nothingeverything一切事情，强调整体something某事，某物；somethinglike+数字，意为“…左右”anything肯定句中强调个体，意为“任何事物”，在否定句中表“某些事物”nothing“没有事物”Theydoeverythingtohelpus.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Nothingcanpreventusfromgettingthere.-Haveyoufiguredouthowmuchthetripwillcost?-$3,000,orsomethinglikethat.2.anyone,someone,everyoneanyone=anybody任何人，强调个体someone=somebody某个人everyone=everybody所有人，强调整体Anyonethinksso.Thereissomeoneonthetelephoneforyou.Ifeveryoneishere,thenwecanstart.改错：①Themajorhasofferedarewardof$6,000tosomeonewhocancapturethetigeraliveordead.②Wehaven’tenoughbooksforanyone;someofyouwillhavetoshare.③ImadesomuchchangesinmycompositionthatonlyIcouldreadit.Toeveryoneelse,itwashardtomakeout.④Jimsoldmostofhisthings.Hehashardlynothingleftinthehouse.⑤Thebookisofgreatvalue.Everythingcanbeenjoyedunlessyoudigestit.⑥Makesureyou’vegotthepassportsandticketsandeverythingbeforeyouleave.五．it的用法（常用之句式）41.it作为非人称代词，常表示天气、日期、时间、距离、温度等。Itgetcolderandcolder.Howfarisitfromyourofficetothelibrary?2.it作形式主语、形式宾语Itisanhonorformetobeinvitedtospeakhere.Ifounditpleasanttoworkwithhim.3.It+be+被强调部分+that该句型强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分。被强调部分是人时，that可换成who,其他一律用that.在含有not…until…的句子在进行强调时，需将not与until一起提前到被强调部分。Itwasattheschoolgate