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语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoice）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时was/weredone一般将来时shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone过去进行时was/werebeingdone现在进行时am/is/arebeingdone现在完成时have/hasbeendone情态动词的被动语态can/could/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.他被认为很有才气。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.这本书是1969年写成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他说这家工厂已经开张。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作将于三小时后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.这孩子必须被好好照顾。PeoplespeakEnglishalmostallovertheworld.世界各地都有人讲英语。Englishisspokenalmostallovertheworld.1．含有单宾语的主动句的转换：主动句与被动句的转换时要注意1.Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch…)2.Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。不用被动一、表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见的这类动词有begin,start,open,close,end,finish,stop等。例如：SchoolbeginsinSeptember.Thestoresinthisareaopenlateratweekendsthanatweekdays.二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,run,lock等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如：Themachinerunswell.Thispenwritesquitesmoothly.Thebookshelfhardlysells.三、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear，seem等。例如：—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it________verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltCYourideasoundsreasonable.Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.四、动名词主动形式表示被动意义1.needrequire+doing=tobedonewantThissentenceneeds________.A.animprovementB.improveC.improvingD.improvedC五、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义1.不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。例如：ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.2.作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且句子的主语或间接宾语与该不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。Pleasegivemesomethingtoeat.Ihavealotofworktodotoday.3.用在作表语或宾语补足语的形容词后面的不定式，如果与句子的主语或宾语有动宾关系时，一般用主动形式。例如：Theproblemisdifficulttosolve.Doyouthinkhimeasytogetalongwith?(间接宾语me是toeat的逻辑主语)(主语I是todo的逻辑主语)(状语tosolve与主语有动宾关系)(不定式与宾语有动宾关系)Exercises1Abigpowerstation________inmyhometownnow.A.hasbeenbuiltB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbuiltD.isbuilding.3.Stamps______bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused.4.Mustoldpeople_____topolitely?A.speakB.spokenC.bespokeD.bespoken5.Bikemustn’t_____everywhere.A.beupB.beputC.putC.putting6.Thewomanfelloffthebikeand____ontheroad.A.layB.waslainC.liedD.haslain7.Theoldmanandthechildren_____inourcountry.A.musttakegoodcareB.mustbetakegoodcareofC.musttakegoodcareofD.mustbetakengoodcareofBAD1.Thekey__forlockingtheclassroomdoor.A.usesB.isusedC.isusingD.use2.Anewschool__overthereintwoyears.A.maybuiltB.maybebuiltC.isbuilt3.Hewasmade__yesterday.A.cryB.tocryC.cryingD.tobecried4.ThePRC__onOctober1,1949.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.wasfoundedD.isfounded5.AtalkonChinesehistory__intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgiveBBBCC•6.Watches____Shanghailastlong.•A.aremadeinB.ismade•C.aremadefromD.made•7.Thisdeskismade_____wood.•A.ofB.fromC.inD.by•8.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.•A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin•9.Silk_____inSuzhouandHangzhou.•A.isproducedB.areproduced•C.producedD.isproducesAADA