高考英语语法之：强调句型

1高考英语语法之：强调句型一、强调句的基本结构及用法强调句常用来突出说话人要强调的语言信息，给对方以强烈的印象和感受。译成汉语时，常加上“正是…”等字眼。其基本结构是：It+be的适当形式+被强调成分+that(who)+其他成分Heboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.→Itwashethatboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.(强调主语he)→Itwasthebookthatheboughtinthisshopyesterday.(强调宾语thebook)→Itwasinthisshopthatheboughtthebookyesterday.(强调地点状语inthisshop)【注意】1.在该强调结构中，It无任何意义但不可以换成this或者that等。Itis(was)…that(who)…为结构词，假如去掉，剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整，这一点正是它和定语从句等的本质区别。2.关于that与who：当被强调部分指人时，可以用who（被强调部分的人作主语或宾语时）或者whom（被强调部分的人作宾语时)代替that；当被强调部分指物时通常用that；当被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用whoItwasthethingsandpeoplethattheyrememberedthattheyweretalking2about．当被强调部分是代词时，用who不用that。当强调时间或地点或原因状语时，不能用when/where/why代that(尤其是当这些状语为介词短语时)。1）ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.so2）ItwasinQingdao_____Isawtheseaforthefirsttime.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.which3）Itwasbecauseofbadweather____thefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.A.soB.sothatC.whyD.that如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也应提前。Itwasfromhim，hischemistryteacher，thatPaullearnedtowatchcarefullyinclass．3.关于be的适当形式：在强调结构中，无论被强调的是人还是物，单数还是复数，be动词一律用单数is/was形式。①如果原句的谓语动词时态是现在范畴(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，就用is。Itistheabilitytodothejob_____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromor3whatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it②如果原句的谓语动词时态是过去范畴(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，就用was。例如:Itwasbetween1989and1999_____greatchangestookplaceinourhometown.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.because③也可以根据需要用Itmay/might/mustbe…that/who…;Itmusthavebeen…that/who…如ItmightbeSallythatyouarethinkingof.Itmightbeinthemorningthathebrokeintothehouse.Itmightbehisfatherthatyouarelookingfor.ItmustbeJohnthat/whowilltakepartinthecontestonbehalfourclass.Itmusthavebeenhertwinsisterthatyousaw.It_____PeterwhohasletthissecretoutbecauseIonlytoldhimthenews.A.canbeB.shouldbeC.mightbeD.mustbeItmusthavebeenhisbrotherthatyoumet.4.关于被强调成分。在强调句型中，能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语或宾语（名词、代词）、状语（介词短语、时间或地点状语从句或者because引导原因状语从句）等，但不能强调谓语动词、表语或补语（形容词或名词充当）、although引导的让步状语从句、for、since,4as引导的原因状语从句、if条件状语等。如：强调主语、宾语。例1．Itisthesepoisonousproducts____cancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.(NMET03)A.whoB.thatC.howD.what例2．Itwashowtheyoungmanhadlearnedfiveforeignlanguages______attractedtheaudience’sinterest.(上海2000春)A.sothatB.thatC.whatD.inwhich强调主语从句howtheyoungmanhadlearnedfiveforeignlanguages。例3．Itwastheabilitytodothejob____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.(NMET2000)A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it强调状语Itwasatthegateofourschoolthatwegavethevisitorsawarmwelcome.(强调地点状语)Itwaswithgreatjoythathereceivedthenewsthathislonglostsonwouldsoonreturnhome.(强调程度状语)ItisbybusthatMaryusuallygoestoschool.(强调方式状语)ItwasthreeyearsagothatIcametothisschool.(强调时间状语)Itiswhenhegotbackthatheknewwhathadhappened.(强调时间状语)Itwasbecausehelovedmymoneythathemarriedme.(强调原因状语)注意：a.强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that,不能用when,5where,why或how。如：Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.(NMET'97)A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.whenItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlyIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.(NMET'98)A.untilB.thatC.thenD.soItwasbecauseofbadweatherthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.(2003上海春季)A.soB.sothatC.whyD.thatItwaswheretherehadbeenatheatretheybuiltanewmodernschool.A.whereB.inwhichC.thatD.sob.使用强调句型对状语进行强调时，有必要将其与下列句型区分开来。比较下面的句子：1)Itwasintheeveningthatthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.(强调句型)Itwaseveningwhenthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.(when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)2)Itwasat3o'clockthattheycameback.(强调句型)Itwas3o'clockwhentheycameback.(when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)3)Itisforthreehoursthattheyhavebeenback.(强调句型)6Itwasthreehoursbeforetheycameback.(before引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)Itisthreehourssincetheycameback.(since引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)再如：Itwasrainingwhentheycameback.ItistruethatheoncewenttoCanada.ItisasurprisethatMaryshouldhavewonthefirstprize.强调部分为介词短语：强调部分为介词短语时，①应特别注意能引起误解的干扰选项。②表示时间或地点时，应注意与定语从句的区别。1.ItwasthroughJack_____MarygottoknowBob.A.whoB.whomC.howD.that2.Itwas_____greatcarethattheydidthejob.A.forB.aboutC.withD.in3.ItwasonOctober1st1949_____newChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.asD.that4.Wasitinthispalace_____thelastemperordied?A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which5.Itwastheschoolgate______Imetanoldfriendofmineafterclass.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why链接高考：例1．Itwasabout600yearsago____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.(NMET97)7A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when例2．Itwasafterhegotwhathehaddesired___herealizeditwasnotsoimportant.(辽宁06)A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as例3．ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.(NMET98)A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so例4．Itwasbecauseofbadweather____thefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.(上海03春)A.soB.sothatC.whyD.that例5．Itwaswheretherehadbeenatheatre____theybuiltanewmodernschool.A.whereB.inwhichC.thatD.so例6．Itwasonlywiththehelpofthelocalpeople___.（上海春04）A.wasthemountainclimberrescuedB.thatthemountainclimberwasrescuedC.whenthemountainclimberwasrescuedD.thenmountainclimberwasrescued例7．Itwasinthebookstore____Imetyourbrothertheotherday.(上海90）A.whereB.thatC.nwhichD.inthat例8．Itwasnot____shetookoffherdarkglasses____Irealizedshewas8afamousfilmstar.(NMET92)A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then特别提示：对“not...