搜索
英语二轮复习专题八虚拟语气语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：Wearenotready.我们没准备好。Whatafinedayitis!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气:表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如:Openthedoor,please。请打开门。(3)虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。虚拟语气1.在条件句中的用法2.在名词性从句中的用法3.在其他句型中的用法1.在条件句中的用法If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去将来did/werewould/could/should/might+dohaddonewould/could/should/might+have+done1.did2.should+do3.weretodowould/could/should/might+doExamples:让学生先口头造句1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldfollowhisadvice.(现在)2.IfIhadfollowedhisadvice,Iwouldhavefinishedit.(过去)3.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeet.(将来)注意：if的省略1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldfollowhisadvice.WereIyou,Iwouldfollowhisadvice.2.IfIhadfollowedhisadvice,Iwouldhavefinisheditnow.HadIfollowedhisadvice,……3.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeet.Shoulditraintomorrow,/Wereittoraintomorrow,……如果条件句中有____,_____,______等助动词，可将if省略，而把这些词置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。werehadshould注意：混合虚拟语气1.不同时间的虚拟主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同。从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反Ifyou_______(ask)himyesterday,you________(know)whattodonow.hadaskedwouldknow2.虚拟与陈述的混合I______________(go)tovisithiminthehospital____it____atallpossible,butI____(be)fullyoccupiedthewholeofthelastweek.wouldhavegonehadbeenwas1.1)_______air,therewouldbenolivingthings.2)________yourhelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.(Iftherewerenoair)(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)注意：含蓄虚拟语气WithoutButfor用介词或介词短语______,_______,____,_________等表示含蓄虚拟。butforwithoutwithincaseof2.1)I____(be)illthatday.__________Iwouldhavetakenpartintheparade.2)ItoldSallyhowtogetthere,____perhapsIshouldhavewrittenitdownforher.注意：含蓄虚拟语气用____,_______,___________等表示含蓄虚拟。butotherwiseunfortunatelywasOtherwisebut3.1)_______(give)morethan0twohours,we______________(do)theworkbetter.2)___________________(notfinish)thework,hecouldn’thaveseenthisfilm.注意：含蓄虚拟语气用分词短语和独立结构引导表示含蓄虚拟。NothavingfinishedGivenIfwehadbeengiven……Ifhehadnotfinished……couldhavedone2.在名词性从句中的用法2）虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法3）虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法Tomsuggestedthatwe_____________(go)toworkinthesouth.(should)go1.用于表示建议，命令，要求，愿望等词后一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propos（recommend）4.demand,require,request,desire注意：如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。Hisfacesuggestedthathewasill.Heinsistedthathewasright.2.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。wish现在：过去：将来：did（were）haddonewould/could/mightdo翻译：1.我希望和你一样聪明。2.我希望我没有犯过这样的错误。3.我希望爸爸妈妈不会惩罚我们。翻译：1.我希望和你一样聪明。IwishIwereascleverasyou.2.我希望我没有犯过这样的错误。IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.3.我希望爸爸妈妈不会惩罚我们。Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.3.wouldratherthat现在：过去：将来：did/weredid/werehaddoneMakesentences2）虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法It+be+necessary/strange/natural/important/apity/ashame+sb.(should)doIt+be+suggested/ordered/recommended/requested/required/desired/insisted/proposed+thatsb.(should)do3）虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法Eg.MyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable.suggestion,proposal,order,request,advice,demand总结：suggest,recommend,advise,propose,order,command,request,require,demand,desire,insistSb.suggestthatsb.shoulddosth.Itissuggestedthatsb.shoulddosth.Mysuggestionisthatsb.shoulddosth.eg.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire3.在其他句型中的用法1）asif/asthoughHelooksasifhewereanartist.ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshehadstudiedinAmerica.HelearnsEnglishsohardasif/thoughhewouldgototheUSA.从句谓语与主句谓语表达的动作同时发生（did/were）从句谓语先于主句谓语表达的动作（haddone）从句谓语后于主句谓语表达的动作（woulddo）2).It’s(about/high)timethatsb.shoulddodid/were你该走了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.3)ifonly现在：过去：将来：did（were）haddonewould/could/mightdo4).某些简单句的固定句型：Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!1.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_____inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall随堂练习2.---Ifthetraffichadn’tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6o’clock.---Whatapity!Tina______heretoseeyou.A.isB.wasC.wouldbeD.hasbeen3.Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnot___fromwork,Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.A.beingtiredB.tiringC.tiredD.tobetired4．—Shallwehaveourpicnictomorrow?—______itdoesn’train.A.UntilB.WhileC.OnceD.If5.——Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?——I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did6.Iftherewerenosubjunctive,English______mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe7.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody______therules.A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey8.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe9.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken10._____it_____foryourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadeanyprogress.A.Had;notbeenB.Should;notbeC.Did;notbeD.Not;be