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11999121020001DiscussofthetheoryofwesternentrepreneurroleF0913ENTREPRONEURENTREPRONEUR’SROLE50261821223558101214X16202023263030313436383“”“”“”“”4“”“”5“”“”6AbstractTheestablishmentofChinesemarketeconomyneedsurgentlymanyentrepreneurs,andthepracticeofthetransformationneedsmoreurgentlythetheoryofentrepreneurtodirect.Therefore,theresearchontheroleofentrepreneurinthewesterneconomicstheoryisveryimportantforunderstandoftheentrepreneurtheoryandcultivateChineseentrepreneurgroup.Uptonow,economicsresearchontheroleofentrepreneurhasexperiencedthreehistoricalperiodsduringwhichmanytheorieshavebeencreated.Wewilldiscussthemchronically..TheoryofentrepreneurroleintheclassicalperiodClassicaleconomicsresearchontheentrepreneuremphasizedmainlyonthefunctionoftheentrepreneur.ItsdeputationisSayandMarx.1.SayfollowsAdamSmith’stheoryofthreeproductionfactors,hedividedlaborforceintothreekindsasscienceresearchers,entrepreneursandworkers.Thefunctionofentrepreneuristousetheirknowledge,suchasharmonize,decisionforthecenteroftheproductionprocess,entrepreneurscollect7information,makedecisionandespeciallyfulfiltheirharmonizationfunction.Say’sideaof‘coordinator’functionofentrepreneurhasaverylongtimeaffection.2.TheresearchofMarxontheentrepreneurisveryspecial,heusethevisualangleofproductionrelationshiptoanalyzetheroleofentrepreneur.InMarx’sworks,thewordsheusedmorewereindustrialist,capitalistandmanager.Inhisresearch,Marxemphasizedthatentrepreneurwasthepersonalityofthecapital.Moreover,Marxemphasizedmanage,instructionandregulationfunctionoftheentrepreneursintheproductionandrunningprocess..TheoryofentrepreneurroleinnewclassicalperiodInnewclassicalperiodtheresearchonentrepreneurroleemphasizesthefeaturesofentrepreneur.ItsdeputationisMarshall,Schumpeter,Kizner,Knight,LeibensteinandPeurose.1.ThediscussionofMarshallonentrepreneurisverycomprehensive.Heresearchedonentrepreneurrolefrommanyaspectssuchasthecoordinator,themediator,thecreatorandtheriskbearer.Furthermore,hethoughtthattheformationofentrepreneurneededperfectionofinstitution.Marshall’stheoryofvariousrolesofentrepreneurlosesitsdistinction,butthelaterexperts’furtherresearchesoriginatemuchfromhisideas.2.Schumpeterconsideredthatthecreationistobringtheunprecedented‘organization’ofproductionfactorsandproductionconditionsintoproductionsystem(therearefivekinds).Heregardedentrepreneursastheprincipalpartoftheprocessofthiskindof‘creativedestruction’.Histheorydoesnotdiscardtheequilibriumtheory,sohisentrepreneur’s‘creator’roleisbeyondthemarketstructure,buthistheoryisverydistinctive.3.Kiznerconsideredthatthefunctionoftheentrepreneuristhattheentrepreneurconfirmsthefactthatintherealisticeconomicstheinformationisincomplete,andthenhemustusehissharpobservationtoquicklyfindthetradechancewhichisprofitableforbothbuyerandseller.Sohecanhavethe‘mediator’functiontomakethetradechancefulfil.4.Knightintroduceduncertaintyfactorsintohisanalysisoftheentrepreneur,andhedistinguishedbetweentheuncertaintyandtherisk.Hethoughtthatfacingtheuncertainty,themanagercoulddonothingbecauseofthelackofinsurance,andonlytheentrepreneurcantakeuptheburdenofmakingdecisionfortheuncertainty.Thistheoryofdistinguishingtheuncertaintyandriskhasverydeepinfluenceonthelatereconomicsandmanagementscience.5.Peurosegavetheentrepreneuraroleof‘developeroftheenterpriseorganization’.Hethoughtthatthefunctionoftheentrepreneuristhatonthebase8ofclearconsiderationoftheenvironment,whichisrelatedwithhisobservationability,andasanaggregationoftheproductionresourcestheconsiderationoftheenterprisepotentialability,hemustfindoutthepotentialenterpriseproductionchancewhichisnotbeingused.Hebrokeawayfromthemethodofconventionalequilibriumanalysis,andcreatsanewresearchinsidethecompany.6.X-efficiencytheoryconsidersthatthepreconditionsoftheproducertheoryofnewclassicaleconomicsarenotrealistic,andX-efficiencyistheobjectivefact.X-efficiencymeanstheefficiencyofcompanyitselforofone’sactivities.Therefore,LeibensteinconsideredthatthefunctionofentrepreneurwastoconquertheX-efficiencyinsidethecompany,andcoordinatetheproductionfactorsthatwerenotmarketed.Histheoryofentrepreneurisunique,butithasnotthecomparisonandtheaccumulationoftheknowledge..TheoryofentrepreneurroleinthenewfreedomperiodTheresearchontheentrepreneurofthenewfreedomeconomistsemphasizesonthedecisivefunctionandtheformofthemodel.ItsdeputationisCassonandNorth.1.Cassongavethetheoreticalstructurefortheanalysisoftheentrepreneuractionforthefirsttime.Inhisanalysis,heintroducedtheconnotationof‘entrepreneurjudgement’.Entrepreneurisdefinedasthepersonwhomakesthejudgementforthescarcityresources.Inaddition,heconsideredentrepreneuras‘judgementdecisive’,soentrepreneurmusthavehisownculturecharacteristicsandpersonalities.2.Theneweconomicshistoryexperts,whichisdeputedbyNorth,useCoase’sclassicaltheoryintheresearchonthecreationoftheinstitution,andgivetheentrepreneuraroleof‘principalpartofinstitutioncreator’.Northconsideredthattherepresentativeofthechangesistherespectiveentrepreneur,whichcanresponsetowardthestimulationinsidetheinstitutionstructure.North’sconside