2012年高考英语三轮复习:主谓一致(新人教版)

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主谓一致一、就近一致原则1.由or,notonly...butalso...,neither...nor...,either...or...,whether...or...,not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。NeitherhisparentsnorIamabletopersuadehimtochangehismind.2.here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时,通常根据就近原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Hereisaruler,afewpencilsandtwocopybooks.二、意义一致原则1.谓语动词必须用单数的情况(1)表示学科的名词以及works(工厂),news(消息)等作主语时,虽然本身为复数形式,但表示单数意义时,谓语动词仍用单数。Politicsishisfavoritesubject.(2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时,虽然形式上是复数,但所表示的意义是单数,所以谓语动词用单数。DoyouknowwhentheUnitedNationswassetup?2.谓语动词必须用复数的情况表示总称意义的名词,如people,police,public,cattle等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Thepolicearesearchingforthemurderer.3.谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定(1)集体名词,如family,class,group,team,club,company,government,population等作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义,强调整体概念时,谓语动词用单数;当其表示集体中各个组成部分,强调个体概念时,谓语动词用复数。AsfarasIknow,hisfamilyisnotverylargebutthefamilyareallmusiclovers.(2)“the+形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时,谓语动词用复数。Thepoorwerelookeddownuponintheolddays.三、语法一致原则1.由and连接的两个名词作主语(1)“a/the+名词单数+and+名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份),谓语动词用单数。Theteacherandpoetoftengiveslecturesaroundthecity.(2)“a/the+名词单数+and+a/the+名词单数”表示两个人,谓语动词用复数。Theteacherandthepoethavejustarrived.(3)“every+名词单数+and+every+名词单数”表示每一个人,谓语动词用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducationinourcountry.(4)通常由两个部件组成的物品如:aknifeandfork(一副刀叉)等作主语,谓语动词用单数。Breadandbutterisnottohistaste.2.表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词,尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。Isfiftypoundsenough?3.“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定,如果名词是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。Two­thirdsofthebooksareaboutscience.Only30%oftheworkwasdoneyesterday.感悟高考1.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcertscausedhearinglossinsometeenagers.(2010·湖南,33)A.isB.areC.hasD.have解析句意为:听摇滚音乐会中的大声的音乐已导致一些青少年失聪了。本题主语为动名词短语,故谓语动词用单数,根据主谓关系可知,此处应是主动语态,故C项正确。C2.SuchpoetsasShakespearewidelyread,ofwhoseworks,however,somedifficulttounderstand.(2010·四川,15)A.are;areB.is;isC.are;isD.is;are解析句意为:一些诗人,像莎士比亚,(其作品)被广泛阅读,然而,其中一些作品是难以理解的。句中ofwhoseworks到句末为非限制性定语从句;第一个空的主语是somepoets,故谓语动词用复数形式;第二个空的主语是someofwhoseworks,谓语动词也要用复数形式。A3.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwhoeveningdress.(2010·全国Ⅱ,9)A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn解析句意为:Barbara很容易被辨认出来,因为她是唯一一名穿晚礼服的妇女。题干中先行词是theonlyone,故定语从句中用单数谓语动词;再根据主句的谓语动词是一般现在时知,从句也用一般现在时。B4.—Iseveryonehere?—Notyet...Look,theretherestofourguests!(2010·江苏,33)A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.arecoming解析句意为:——大家都来了吗?——还没有……看!我们其余的客人来了。there放在句首时,句子谓语动词用完全倒装结构,由guests可知therest指代复数内容,故谓语动词用复数形式。A5.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversitiesrisingsteadilysince1997.(2009·山东,25)A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen解析“thenumberof+n.”作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式;由since1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。C领悟语法Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.—Severaldepartmentstores,includingtheoneweusuallygoto,(have)sidewalksalesthisweek.—Let’sgoandhavealook.2.Whatthescienceteacherdoesandsays(be)ofgreatimportancetocollegestudents.3.Anumberofstudents(be)playingonthegroundbutIdon’tknowwhattheexactnumber(be).4.WeallfeelitisJackaswellashiswifethat(be)toblamefortheirson’sbadbehaviouratschool.arehavingisareisis5.—Mike,whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow?—Everyboyandeverygirlaswellasteacherswho(be)tovisitthemuseum(be)askedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6∶30inthemorning.6.Britainincommonwithmanyotherindustrializedcountries,(experience)majorchangesoverthelast100years.7.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajority(be)religiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.8.Sofaraseriesofproblems(be)broughtaboutbythisdecision.areishasexperiencedwerehavebeenⅡ.单项填空1.Theatmosphereisasmuchapartoftheearthasitssoilandwaterofitslakes,riversandoceans.A.hasB.doC.isD.are解析as...as...在这里表示“同……一样”的意思。句意为:大气是地球的一部分,就像土壤,湖里、河里、海洋里的水(是地球的一部分)一样。后面是一个省略句。原句还原为完整的句子为Theatmosphereisasmuchapartoftheearthasitssoilandthewaterofitslakes,riversandoceansareapartofit.。后面因为用and连接了soil和water,故用复数are。D2.Infact,notonlyMaryandIbutalsoJanehavingoneexamafteranother.A.istiredforB.aretiredwithC.istiredofD.aretiredof解析notonly...butalso连接的成分作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要根据就近原则来定,故谓语动词用单数。C3.—Didyougototheshowlastnight?—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlintheareainvited.A.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.was解析主语是everyboyandgirl,表示单数概念,故谓语动词用单数,且询问昨晚的情况,有明确的过去时间,所以应选择was。D4.Atthebusstopasoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytothevillage.A.wereB.wasC.isD.sits解析表处所的介词短语置于句首时句子要用倒装,该句的主语是asoldierandtwoyoungpeople,所以谓语动词用复数形式。A5.Butterandbreadtheirdailyfood,butthebreadandthebutterupnow.A.is;iseatenB.are;havebeeneatenC.are;areeatenD.is;havebeeneaten解析butterandbread抹上黄油的面包,已经是一种约定俗成的食物了,所以用单数形式;thebreadandthebutter意为“面包和黄油”,是两种食物,谓语动词用复数。D6.Anaverageof200lettersaweekreceivedbythenewspaper’soffer.Suchthecasewithusatpresent.A.are;isB.hasbeen;hasbeenC.havebeen;isD.is;are解析anaverageof+名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;theaverageof+名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;第二个句子是倒装结构,主语是thecase,故谓语动词用单数。A7.It’ssaidthattheteamtwelvetopEuropeanplayers.A.consistsofB.isconsistedofC.aremadeupofD.makeupof解析theteam是指一个整体,谓语动词用单数;consistof无被动形式。A8.Sixtymilesinasinglenight,sotheywereexhausted.A.iscoveredB.wascoveredC.arecoveredD.hascovered解析表示距离的词作主语时谓语动词用单数;由were可知用过去式。cover意为“行过(路程)”。B9.anEnglish­Chinesedictionary.A.ThestudentseachhaveB.ThestudentseachhasC.Eachthestudentsha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