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1概念:修饰_____或_____的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫_________________,有两种:•关系代词(relativepronoun):_______________________________•关系副词(relativeadverb):___________________2被定语从句修饰的词就叫________，它一般是由_____、_____或_____充当。定语从句一定要放在_____________。3定语从句可分为：________________与_________________名词代词关系词whom,whose,which,that,who,when,where,whyas(relative)先行词之后限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句先行词名词代词句子(antecedent)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整,一般用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that,不能省略引导词：关系代词和关系副词,作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause&TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause◇找出下面两句的先行词与关系词：•Thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear.antecedent先行词relativepronoun关系代词•Thisisthefactorywhereheworks.antecedent先行词relativeadverb关系副词•Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.•YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.•IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.•IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.关系代词…关系副词…注意事项:1.从句的位置:2.翻译方法:3.构成：先行词之后“……的”先行词+关系词指人时，用__________指物时，用__________1作主语指人时，用________________指物时，用__________2作宾语不可省略可以省略指人时，用______指物时，用______3作介词宾语介词后不可用who或that指人时，用__________指物时，用__________4作定语+名词who,thatwhich,thatwhom,who,thatwhich,thatwhomwhichwhose+n.whose+nExx.1Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.2Themanisafamouswriter.Wehavejustseenhim.Theman(who/whom/that)wehavejustseenhimisafamouswriter.Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.3Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.4Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.Heprefersthecheesewhich/thatitcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedthemweredelicious.任何一个关系词在定语从句中都必须作成分;使用时要注意避免从句中成分的重复和缺失。注意一：指物时只用that的情况1.先行词是all,little,few,much,some,any,no,none,every,anything,nothing,everything等,或被其修饰时;2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级以及thevery,thefew,theonly,thelast等修饰时;3.先行词既有人又有物时;4.主句以疑问词which或who开头时;5.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。•Heisnolongertheman_____heusedtobe.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whomC注意二：关系代词只用which不用that•ThisistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives.•Hermotherwasdead,whichmadeherverysad.•LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.1.当关系代词前有介词时2.在非限制定语从句中3.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词用that,另一个宜用which•ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell.•Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.•ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.•Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.1.先行词为one/ones/anyone/those,指人时只用who2.在therebe结构中,修饰主语的定从宜用who指人3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定从的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who注意三：只用who不用that1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_______Iamafter.3.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.4.Themanto_______Ispokeisafamousscientist.5.Theboy_______motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.6.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof______sataboy.thatthatthatwhomwhosethat/which/whose/whom/who?which•MrSmithis__agoodteacher__weallrespect.A.such,thatB.such,asC.so,thatD.so,as•MrSmithis__agoodteacher__weallrespecthim.A.such,thatB.such,asC.so,thatD.so,asBA•有:thesame…as…;such…as…;as/so…as…▲thesame…as与thesame…that的区别：•thesame…as与原物同类的,即__________•thesame…that与先行词同样的东西，即_________•ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday.这和我买的那支钢笔一样。•ThisisthesamepenthatIboughtyesterday.这就是我买的那支钢笔。同类异物同类同物（同一支）（不是同一支）•Heisnot_____afool_____.A.such/asheislookedB.such/ashelooksC.as/asheislookedD.so/ashelooksWehopetogetsuchatool____heisusing.A./B.asC.whichD.that•Sheiswearingthesamedress____sheworeyesterday.A.whichB.asC.thatD./•Wearefacingthesameproblems____wedidyearsago.A.whichB.thatC./D.as巩固练习BDCB关系副词的用法指代所做成分可否省略when时间状语否where地点状语否why原因状语否关系副词注意：why只能引导“限定”；若要用于“非限定”中，则须用forwhich引导。•Istillremembertheday______Icamehere.(when==)•Thisisthehouse______Ilivedlastyear.(where==)•Therearemanyreasons______peopleliketraveling.(why==)onthedayinthehouseforthereasonswhenwherewhyonwhichinwhichforwhich注意一：关系副词=介词＋whichwhen=in/on/at/during…+whichwhere=in/on/at…+whichwhy=for+which1)I’llneverforgetthedays___________weworkedtogether.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogetherlastsummer.2)Hisfatherworksinafactory___________makesradioparts.Hisfatherworksinafactory__________radiopartsaremade.3)Thisisthereason_____________hewaslate.Thisisthereason_____________heraisedatthemeeting.注意二：关系副词/关系代词when(which/that)wherewhich/that(状=duringwhich)(宾)(主)(状=inwhich)why/forwhich(状)(宾)(which/that)•Theway________________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.•Theway__________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.•theday/time/year+•theplace/somewhere/anywhere/everywhere/nowhere+•thereason+注意三：theway“…的方式”说明：当先行词是theway,作方式状语时,关系词用that/inwhich/不填that/which/不填that/inwhich/不填(宾)注意四：关系副词的省略情况(通常不省略)when||on/at/inwhichwhere/atwhichwhy/forwhich•先行词为day,time,moment等时，关系词常用when。•Hehadfinishedreadingthebookbythetime____________Iarrivedathishouse.•why在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词是reason。why可换为forwhich。•That’sthereason______________________hedidn’tcomelastnight.why/forwhichwhen一、什么是定语从句、关系词和先行词？二、关系词分为几种？分别是？三、定语从句分为几种？分别是？四、定语从句的位置在哪里？五、关系词的用法六、关系词的省略六、介词的确定方法