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11Unit3Languageinuse关注生活中的“祈使句”1.定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此又叫做命令句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号或感叹号来表示结束。例：Goandwashyourhands.(去洗你的手。—命令)Bequiet,please.（Pleasebequiet.）（请安静。——请求）Bekindtooursister.(对姊妹要和善。——劝告）祈使句小结Watchyoursteps.（走路小心。——警告）Lookout！Danger！小心！危险！——强烈警告Keepoffthegrass.（勿践草坪。——禁止）Noparking.（禁止停车。——禁止）祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如：Yougoandtellhim,Tom.（Tom,去告诉他。）2、相关口令祈使句无主语,主语you常省去;动词原形谓语当,句首加don't否定变;朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号。3、表现形式——●肯定结构:Do型——动词原形开头即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分。如:Pleasehaveaseathere.请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.请这边走!Be型——动词Be开头即:Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子!Let型——动词Let开头。即:Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分)。如:Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。3、表现形式——●否定结构:Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don'tforgetme!不要忘记我!Don'tbelateforschool!上学不要迟到!Let型的否定式有两种:①“Don‘t+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”②“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分”。如:Don'tlethimgo.Lethimnotgo.别让他走。No开头——用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!Nofishing!禁止钓鱼!练习：将下列汉语翻译成英语。1.请照看好您的包。___________________.2.让我们去学校吧!___________________!3.亲爱的,高兴点儿!___________________!4.不要把书放这儿。___________________.5.不要让猫进来。___________________.Pleaselookafteryourbag.Let'sgotoschool.Beglad,dearDon'tputthebookhere.Don'tletthecatcomein/Letthecatnotcomein.LanguagepracticeGivethemmorepersonalspace.Wavetosaygoodbye.Becareful!Don’tstandtooclosetoNorthAmericans.Do’sDon’tsBritain•Standinline.•Shakehands.•Say“please”and“thankyou”.•Opendoorsforothers.•Lookatpeoplewhenyoutalk.•Beontime.•Touchpeople.•Askawoman’sage.•Standtooclose.•Sayanythingtoopersonal.1workinpairs.Talkaboutdo’sanddon’tsinaforeigncountry.2Makealistofdo'sanddon'tstohelpvisitorstoBritain.Standinline.Don’ttouchpeoplewhenyoutalktothem.…Doshakehandswhenyoumeetafriend.Dostandinline.Doexpectrain.Pleasetalkabouttheweather.DoSay“please”and“thankyou”.DolookatpeoplewhenyoutalkDon’ttouchpeople.Don’taskpeoplepersonalquestion.Don’taskwomen’sage.Don’ttalkwithfoodinyourmouth.Don’tbelate.3Rewritethesentences.It’simportanttolistentotheteacher.Listentotheteacher.Youcannotshoutintheclassroom.Don’tshoutintheclassroom.1.It’simportanttobecareful.2.It’simportanttocleanandtidythelab.3.Youcannottouchanythingiftheteacherdoesn’taskyouto.4.Youcannotbringfoodordrinkintothelab.5.Youcannotenterthelabalone.1.It’simportanttobecareful.2.It’simportanttocleanandtidythelab.3.Youcannottouchanythingiftheteacherdoesn’taskyouto.4.Youcannotbringfoodordrinkintothelab.5.Youcannotenterthelabalone.Becareful.Cleanandtidythelab.Don’ttouchanythingifteacherisn’taskyouto.Don’tbringfoodordrinkintothelab.Don’tenterthelabalone.4Answerthequestions.Usethewordsandexpressionsfromtheboxtohelpyou.allrightarminarmclosedifferentholdontokissthreetimespointatshakehandswithwave1.HowdotheBritishsayhellotoeachotherwhentheyfirstmeet?2.Doesbodylanguagemeanthesamethingindifferentcountries?Theyshakehandswitheachother.No,itdoesn’t.3.HowdotheRussianssayhellotoeachotherwhentheymeet?4.IsitpolitetostandclosetoNorthAmericans?5.IsitallrighttowavegoodbyeinGreece?6.Howdoyouusuallysaygoodbyewithbodylanguage?Theyusuallykissthreetimes.No,itisn’t.No,itisn’t.Iwavemyhand.AroundthewrldTheJapanesebowInJapan,peoplebowtosay“thankyou”,“sorry”,“hello”，“goodbye”,“you’rewelcome”，“excuseme”,andmanyotherthings.Childrenandyoungpeoplebowlowerwhentheygreetolderpeople.It’sawayofbeingpoliteandshowingrespect.5Workinpairs.TalkaboutdifferentwaysofsayinghelloandbodylanguageinChina.6Writetheinformationonyourposter.7Findordrawsomepicturestoaddtoyourposter.8Showyourpostertothewholeclass.1.______thiskindofpeach,andyouwilllikeit.A.TotryB.TryingC.TryD.Tried2.__________,oryou’llbelate.A.HurryupB.TakeitdownC.TohurryupD.Hurriesup3.Ssh!________talkloudly.Thebabyissleepingrightnow.•DoB.DoesC.Don’tD.Doesn’t选择：√√√4.“_______exerciseeveryday,mychild.It’sgoodforyourhealth,”Fathersaid.A.TakingB.TotakeC.TakeD.Takes5.Don’t_______toomuchTV.It’sbadforyoureyes.A.watchB.watchedC.watchingD.towatch6.________sleeptoolate.It’sbadforyourhealth.A.DoB.NotC.Don’tD.Pleasenot√√√