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英语句法按使用目的复合句感叹句陈述句疑问句祈使句简单句并列句按结构名词性从句形容词性从句：副词性从句：主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句定语从句状语从句一、概念：Heisa(good)student.Heisastudent(whoisgood).定语从句：1.定语和定语从句：一个句子在句中做定语，修饰限定一个名词或代词，放在所修饰词之后。一、概念：Heisastudent(whoisgood).Thisisthedictionnary(thatIboughtyesterday).先行词：2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词(词组)或代词。一、概念：Heisastudent(whoisgood).Thisisthedictionnary(thatIboughtyesterday).引导词：3.引导词：由关系代词who/whom/whose/that/which等和关系副词when/where/why等充当。二、结构：Thisisthedictionnary(thatIboughtyesterday).结构：主句（先行词）+引导词+从句Heisastudent(whoisgood).主句从句主句从句三、关系代词和关系副词的选用：主句(先行词)人+关系代词所担任的句子成分：1.关系代词的选用+从句who/that/whom主句(先行词)物++从句which/that(1).who:可以作主语，也可以作宾语(可省略=whom)(2).whom:只可作宾语(可省略)(3).that:可以作主语，也可以作宾语(可省略)(4).which:可以作主语，也可以作宾语(可省略)练习：1.Thisistheboybrokethewindowyesterday.2.Isthisthefactoryyouvisitedtheotherday?3.Nobodylikespeopletalkmuchbutdolittle.4.Mr.Wangisthemanyousawjustnow.5.ThecamerawasmadeinChinaisMarry's.who/thatwhich/that/不填who/thatwho/thatwhich/that三、关系代词和关系副词的选用：Thisistheschool(Ivisitedlastyear).2.关系副词的选用Thisistheschool(Istudiedlastyear).Iremembertheday(wespenttogether).Iremembertheday(weplayedtogether).which解析：(visitthechool,visit后直接接宾语）解析：(studyintheschool,intheschool是地点状语）where解析：(spendthedaytogether,theday是spend的宾语）which/that解析：(playtogetheronthatday,onthatday是时间状语）when三、关系代词和关系副词的选用：状语结论：在定语从句中，若先行词为指地点或时间的名词，引导词选用关系代词还是选用关系副词，要看定语从句中缺什么句子成分，若缺宾语，就要选用which或that作宾语,若不缺宾语，就要选用when或where来做定语从句的状语。关系副词所担任的句子成分应该是：练习：1.ThisisthetownIwasborn.2.1980wastheyearhewasborn.3.MondaywasthedayIwenttoBeijingwithmyparents.4.Isthisthefactoryyouvisitedyesterday.5.Don'tforgetthetimeI'vetoldyou.6.Thetownistheplaceshehaslivedinforthreeyears.7.Thetownistheplaceshehaslivedforthreeyearswherewhenwhenwhichthat/whichwhichwhere四、定语从句中的特殊情况：Thechair(which/thatagirlissittingon)wasmendedwelllastnight.Theboyandthedog(arerunningontheroad)lookveryhappy.1.当先行词同时由“一个指人和一个指物的名词或代词构成”时，引导词只能用that。=Thechair(onagirlissitting)wasmendedwelllastnight.thatwhich四、定语从句中的特殊情况：DoesyourEnglishteacherknowtheman(who/whom/thatwearetalkingabout?)2.当介词前置时，先行词为物只能用“介词+which”,先行词为人只能用“介词+whom”。whom=DoesyourEnglishteacherknowtheman(aboutwearetalking?)四、定语从句中的特殊情况：Hewasthefirstperson(passedtheexam.)3.当先行词受到序数词和形容词最高级修饰时，引导词只能用that。thatThisisthemostinterestingmovie(Ihaveseen.)that四、定语从句中的特殊情况：Beingblindissomething(mostpepolecan'timagine.)4.当先行词为all,any,everything,something,nothing,anying等不定代词时，引导词只能用that。thatShetookawayeverything(belongstoher.)that四、定语从句中的特殊情况：Therearefewstudents(makesuchaeasymistake.)5.当先行词受到all,any,little,few,no等修饰时，引导词只能用that。that四、定语从句中的特殊情况：Thisisthesamebike(Ilost.)6.当先行词被theonly,thevery(就是，正是),thesame,thelast,等修饰时，引导词只能用that。thatthatNewYorkisthelastplace(Iwanttovisit.)四、定语从句中的特殊情况：Anyone(worksonmathproblems)mustbecareful.7.当先行词为anyone,one,ones等既可以指人又可以指物的代词，且这些代词用于指人时，引导词只能用who或whom,不能用that。Friendsaretheones(canknoweachother.)whowho四、定语从句中的特殊情况：Those(agreewithme)putuptheirhands.8.当先行词为those指人时，引导词只能用who或whom。Whoisthegirl(isdrawingontheblackboard)?whothatWhichisthepen(youboughtformeyesterday)?that9.当主句为以who或which开头的疑问句时，引导词应该用that。