例11-1如图(a)所示电力系统,各元件参数如下:发电机G-1:100MW,cosϕ=0.85,223.0,183.02==′′XXd;G-2:50MW,cosϕ=0.8,141.0=′′dX,172.02=X;变压器T-1:120MVA,Vs%=14.2;T-2:63MVA,Vs%=14.5;输电线路L:每回120km,1015,/432.0xxkmx=Ω=。试计算f点发生各种不对称短路时的短路电流。解(1)制订各序等值电路,计算各序组合电抗。选取基准功率BS=100MVA和基准电压avBVV=,计算各元件的各序电抗的标幺值,计算结果标于各序网络图中。189.0)226.0230.0//()049.0118.0156.0(1=+++=ΣX209.0)275.0230.0//()049.0118.0190.0(2=+++=ΣX141.0230.0//)245.0118.0(0=+=ΣX(2)计算各种不对称短路时的短路电流。单相接地短路3,350.0141.0209.0)1(02)1(==+=+=ΣΣΔmXXX855.1350.0189.01)1(1)1(1=+=+=ΔΣΣXXEIa基准电流kAIB251.02303100=×=kAIImIBaf397.1251.0855.13)1(1)1()1(=××==两相短路3,209.0)2(2)2(===ΣΔmXX513.2209.0189.01)2(1)2(1=+=+=ΔΣΣXXEIakAIImIBaf092.1251.0513.23)2(1)2()2(=××==两相短路接地084.0141.0//208.0//02)1,1(===ΣΣΔXXX509.1])141.0209.0/(141.0209.0[13])/([13220202)1,1(=+×−=+−=ΣΣΣΣXXXXm663.3084.0189.01)1,1(1)1,1(1=+=+=ΔΣΣXXEIakAIImIBaf387.1251.0663.3509.1)1,1(1)1,1()1,1(=××==例11-2就例11-1所示系统,试计算单相(a相)接地短路时,故障点处非故障相(b、c相)的电压。解由例11-1可知189.01=ΣX、209.02=ΣX、141.00=ΣX,单相接地短路时的正序电流855.11=aI&。根据公式可得649.0855.1489.01111jjjIjXEVaa=×−=−=ΣΣ&&&388.0855.1209.0122jjIjXVaa−=×−=−=Σ&&262.0855.1141.0100jjIjXVaa−=×−=−=Σ&&于是o&&&&64.232021298.0393.0898.0262.0)388.0()649.0(jaaabejjjajaVVaVaV−=−=−−×+×=++=o&&&&36.1562022198.0393.0898.0262.0)388.0()649.0(jaaacejjjajaVVaVaV−=−−=−−×+×=++=b、c相电压有名值为kVVVcb14.130323098.0=×==例11-3在例11-1所示的网络中,f点发生两相短路接地。试计算变压器T-1Δ侧的各相电压和电流,并画出向量图。变压器T-1是Y/11−Δ接法。解在例11-1中已经算出了网络的各序组合电抗以及两相短路接地时短路点处的正序电流,即Σ1X=0.189、Σ2X=0.209、Σ0X=0.141,1fI&=0.3663。本例下面的计算直接利用这些结果。由于变压器Δ侧没有零序分量,因此,只需计算电流和电压的正、负序分量。对于两相短路接地476.1663.3141.0209.0141.010202−=×+−=+−=ΣΣΣffIXXXI&&短路点各序电压为308.0663.3141.0209.0141.0209.01020221jjIXXXXjVVfff=×+×=+==ΣΣΣΣ&&&图(b)和(c)中323.0049.0118.0156.01=++=X357.0049.0118.019.02=++=X从输电线流向f点的电流142.2323.0)308.00.1(1111=−=−=jjjXVEIfL&&&864.0476.1357.0209.02222−=×−==ΣfLIXXI&&变压器T-1Y侧的电流即是线路L-1的电流,因此Δ侧的各序电流为)//(0211ΣΣΣΣ+=XXXjEIa&&⎪⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎪⎬⎫+===+−=+−=ΣΣΣΣΣΣΣΣΣΣ102020211022010202aaaaaaaaIXXXXjVVVIXXXIIXXXI&&&&&&&oo&&303011142.2jjLTaeeII==oo&&303022864.0jjLTaeeII−−−==短路处的正序电压加上线路L-1和变压器T-1的电抗中的正序电压降,再逆时针转过o30,便得变压器T-1Δ侧的正序电压为oo&30301666.0]142.2)049.0118.0(308.0[jjTaejejjV=×++=同样也可得Δ侧的负序电压为oo&30302164.0)]864.0()049.0118.0(308.0[jjTaejejjV−−=−×++=应用对称分量合成为各相量的算式,可得变压器Δ侧各相电压和电流的标幺值为oo&&&303021164.0666.0jjTaTaTaejejVVV−+=+=o24.109761.0719.0251.0jej=+−=oo&&&30302212164.0666.0jjTaTaTbejaejaVaVaV−×+×=×+×=502.0164.0666.0=−=oo&&&30230221164.0666.0jjTaTaTcejaejaVaVaV−×+×=×+×=o24.109761.0719.0251.0jej−=−−=oo&&&303021864.0142.2jjTaTaTaeeIII−−=+=o24.109761.0719.0251.0jej−=−−=oo&&&30302212864.0142.2jjTaTaTbeaeaIaIaI−×−×=×+×=o90006.3864.0142.2jejj−=−−=oo&&&30230221864.0142.2jjTaTaTceaeaIaIaI−×−×=×+×=o37.126867.1503.1107.1jej=+−=相电压的基准值kVVBP062.63/5.10==⋅10.5kV电压级的基准电流)5.103/(100)5.103/(×=×=BBSI=5.499kA,于是变压器T-1Δ侧各相电压和电流的有名值分别为kVVTa613.4=,kVVTb043.3=,kVVTc613.4=kAITa267.10=,kAITb530.16=,kAITc267.10=变压器T-1Δ侧的电压(即发电机端电压)和电流的向量图示于图。