人教版2013届中考考前语法专练精讲(专题11_非谓语动词)

语法互动(十一)非谓语动词中考考点1．动词不定式作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语的用法。2．动名词的用法。3．现在分词和过去分词的用法。语法互动(十一)非谓语动词考点一动词不定式动词不定式的构成：to＋动词原形。它没有人称和数的变化。1．作主语[常用it作形式主语、将真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末。]Toasktheteacherforhelpisnecessary.＝Itisnecessarytoasktheteacherforhelp.向老师求教是必要的。2．作宾语(1)后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want,try,decide,hope,need,wish,agree,expect,refuse,learn，remember,forget,wouldlike/love等。如：语法互动(十一)非谓语动词Ihope__________therebeforedark.我希望天黑以前到那儿。(2)在think,find,make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式移至形容词之后，构成“主语＋动词＋it(形式宾语)＋宾补(形容词/名词)＋不定式”结构。如：Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.我发现解决这个问题很难。3．作宾语补足语(1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：tell，ask，allow，want，help，wish，teach，warn，invite，like，encourage等。如：语法互动(十一)非谓语动词togetTheteachertoldus__________Exercise1.老师要我们做练习一。(2)在使役动词let，make，have和感官动词see，hear,watch,notice,feel,find等后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。但是，当上述动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式必须补上to。如：Weoftenhearhersing.我们经常听见她唱歌。被动语态：Sheisoftenheardtosing.4．作状语Laterhelefthometoworkindifferentcities.后来他离开家到不同的城市工作。语法互动(十一)非谓语动词todo5．作定语(须后置)Idon'thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。6．作表语Theirdutyis______________theanimals.他们的职责是照看动物。7.“疑问词＋不定式”结构动词不定式可以和疑问词what,which,when,where,how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。如：语法互动(十一)非谓语动词tolookafterHedoesn'tknow________________.他不知道要穿什么。(作宾语)Wheretogohasnotbeendecided.要去哪里还未决定。(作主语)[提醒]动词不定式的否定结构是：nottodosth。语法互动(十一)非谓语动词whattowear考点二动名词1．作主语Playingcomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。2．作宾语常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：enjoy,finish,consider,miss,keep,mind,practice,suggest,bebusy,feellike,giveup,can'thelp等。Haveyoufinished__________thebook?你读完这本书了吗？语法互动(十一)非谓语动词reading3．作表语Thenurse'sjobis______________thepatients.护士的工作是护理病人。4．作定语Ioftengotothe________________.我经常去阅览室。[提醒]有些词既可接不定式又可接v.ing形式作宾语，但表达的意义不同，常见的有：(1)stoptodosth停下来去做另外一件事(不定式作目的状语)语法互动(十一)非谓语动词lookingafterreadingroomstopdoingsth停止做某事(v.ing作宾语)(2)trytodosth试图(企图)做某事trydoingsth尝试着做某事(3)forgettodosth忘记要去做某事(还没做)forgetdoingsth忘记做过了某事(已做)(4)remembertodosth记着要去做某事(还没做)rememberdoingsth记得做过了某事(已做)(5)goontodosth做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事goondoingsth继续做原来所做的同一件事(6)needdoing(某事)需要做(被动意思)needtodo需要去做某事(主动意思)语法互动(十一)非谓语动词考点三分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词v.ing，有主动、进行之意；过去分词v.-ed，有被动、完成之意。1．作定语Chinaisa____________country.Americaisa____________country.中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。IknowtheboycalledLiMing.我认识那个叫李明的男孩。2．作表语Thebookisinteresting.I'minterestedinit.这本书很有趣。我对它感兴趣。语法互动(十一)非谓语动词developingdeveloped3．作宾语补足语Isawhergoingupstairs.我看见她正在上楼。Iwanttohavesomephotostaken.我想拍几张照片。4．作状语Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.他们有说有笑地走进了房间。Facedwithdifficulties，wemusttrytoovercomethem.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。语法互动(十一)非谓语动词考点过关用所给词的适当形式填空1．It'sveryniceofyou________(help)me.2．He'sinterestedin________(play)chess.3．Pleasestop________(smoke).It'sbadforyou.4．Thekidshadfun___________(swim)inthewater.5．Shedidn'tknowwhichsweater___________(choose)．6．Wedecided________(visit)theGreatWall.7．I'dlikeyou________(go)shoppingwithme.8．Whynot________(join)anEnglishclubtopractice________(speak)English?语法互动(十一)非谓语动词tohelpplayingsmokingswimmingtochoosetovisittogojoinspeaking9．Asweallknow,it'simpolitetokeepothers________(wait)foralongtime.10．Mycomputerdoesn'twork.Imusthaveit________(repair)．11．Theyspenttwohours________(clean)theclassroom.12．Johnusedto________(get)uplate,butnowhe'susedto________(get)upearly.语法互动(十一)非谓语动词waitingrepairedcleaninggetgetting