全英文 世界家族企业的成功与失败案例以及对中国的启示(自己做的)

FamilyBusiness---CaseAnalysisandEnlightenmenttoChinaCONTENTSIntroductionoffamilybusinessSuccesscase-----RockefellerfamilyFailurecase----DowJones&CompanySummaryandenlightenmenttoChinaDEFINITIONOFFAMILYBUSINESSAfamilybusinessisacompanyownedbyacertainfamilythatishandeddownfromonegenerationtoanother.Theykeepacloserelationshipwithprofessionalmanagersandkeeptherighttomanagetopcompanymanagers.KelinE.GersickTHEPOSITIONOFFAMILYBUSINESS65%-80%33%of500topsoftheworldMAINCHARACTERISTICSOFFAMILYENTERPRISEEnterprisemasteragedistributionEnterprisemasterdegreedistributionEnterprisemasterfamilycompositionENTERPRISEMASTERAGEDISTRIBUTIONInChinafamilyenterprisefocuson20to49years,ofwhich30~49yearsoldaccountedfor74%,50yearsoldaccountedforonly5.5%.TheUnitedStatesbusinessownersmedianageis54yearsold,29.3%businessownersovertheageof60years,41yearsoldofthefollowingaccountsforonly11.2%.THESUCCESSIONOFFAMILYBUSINESSENTERPRISEMASTERDEGREEDISTRIBUTIONInChinaeducationoftheowneroffamilyenterprisesfocusedonhighschoolandtechnicalsecondaryschool(41.9%)andUniversity(33.5%),masteronlyaccountedfor3.2%.Thefamilybusinessownersandexecutivesintheuniversityeducationamountsto47.8%,postgraduateeducationaccountedfor20.8%inUSA,isseveraltimesthanthatinChina.ENTERPRISEMASTERFAMILYCOMPOSITIONFamily-runshopandfather-sonfactoryisthecommonformoffamilyenterpriseinChina.Thefamilybusinessownersinthebloodoradoptiverelationshipaccountfor79.8%,affinityrelationshipaccountfor13.9%infamilyenterpriseoftheUSA.FAMILYENTERPRISELIFECYCLEFamilyenterprisescanbesaidtobeanancientandtransientofenterpriseorganizationform.Sayingitisancient,becauseitistheformofanenterprisewithalonghistory.Sayingittransient,becauseofthefamilybusinessinlifecycle,thathaddevelopedsofar,hasarich,butthreegenerationsSustainablerule.FAMILYENTERPRISELIFECYCLEThesituationofdevelopmentoffamilybusinessinUSAandChinaTHEINHERITANCEOFTHEOWNERSHIPROCKEFELLERWealthLegendBRIEFINTRODUCTIONRockefellerfamily,asoneofthemostfamousfamilyintheworld,isasymbolofwealth.HundredandfiftyyearsthehistoryofthedevelopmentofthefamilyismicrocosmofAmericanhistoryandaffecttheworldTHEFAMILYHISTORYRockefeller'scareerbeganfromacompanybookkeeperRockefellercreatedStandardOilin1870whichhadavirtualmonopolyontheoilindustryintheUnitedStatesRockefellerdiedin1937,histotalwealthwasestimatedat$1.4billion,whiletheU.S.GDPof$92billion.RECENTDEVELOPMENTSTheRockefellerfamilyholdssharesofmanyoilcompaniesTheRockefellerfamilyalsocontrols30%oftheassetsofthe50largestcommercialbanksand25%oftheassetsofthe50largestinsurancecompaniesAGOODFAMILYRELATIONSHIPThefirsttenetistoobeyCriticalnotjustforthemistakesbuttohelpOUTSTANDINGSUCCESSORCULTIVATINGMECHANISMLauranceSpelmanRockefeller（FatherofVentureCapital）NelsonAldrich.Rockfeller（abrilliantstatesman)DavidRockefeller(chairmanoftheChaseManhattan)PROFESSIONALMANAGEMENTTheworld'stopexecutivesjoinedthemanagementranksoftheRockefellerfamilyassetsRockefellerCentermanagestheassetsofthefamilyDOWJONES&COMPANYTimeofestablishment:1882Headquarterslocation:NewYorkOwner:BancroftfamilySubcompany:TheWallStreetJornal,DowJonesNewswires,Factiva,Barron’sTheWallStreetJournalDowJonesNewswiresDowJoneslastedasafamilycompanyformorethan100years.However,inthe21stcentury,withthepoormanagementandthedilemmaofAmericannewspaperindustry,DowJonesbegantofall.Inthe2007,mediatycoonRupertMurdochtookthechancetoacquireitwithhighprice.Aftermouthsofnegotiation,theBancroftfamilyagreedtosellthebusinesswith5.6billiondollars.WhydidBancroftfamilyfailtocontrolDowJones?(1)LackofcommunicationTheBancroftfamilyrarelymettodiscussthefamilybusiness,andprovidefewfinancialsupports.(2)LackofeffectivecontrolWhilethefamilywasacontrollingshareholder,theydelegatedcontrolofthecompanytonon-familymanagement.However,themanagerswerefirstorforemostjournalists,notbusinessstrategists.(3)WithoutconsistentgoalTheyoungergenerationcommittedtoexpandingthemarketandenhancingthevalueofTheWallStreetJournal,whiletheseniorgenerationfocusedonprotectingtheJournal’sindependence.(4)OrganizationstructureOrganizationstructureofthecompanycouldn’tfacilitateworkers’interaction.However,theinteractionamongworkerswereneededtocontrolthecompanyeffectively.ThesefourfactorshadbeenattherootoflimitingthedevelopmentofthecompanyandthemanagementofBancroftfamily.That’swhyanotherfamilyenterprisewasabletoacquirethem.Asisshownabove,thereexistsbothadvantagesanddrawbacksinfamilybusiness.Afterthereformandopeningup,privateenterpriseshavearapiddevelopmentinChina,70%～80%ofwhichareFamilybusinesses.Nowthefoundersareworryingabouthandingoverthecompanytothenextgeneration.56.50%23.90%19.60%in1to5yearsin6to10yearsabove10yearsWhentodeliverAstothisissue,wehavetofocusonaffluent2ndgeneration,andtheirarrogantexpressionandtheirmorearrogantsportscarwillappearinourmindatonce.It’salittleexaggerating,butaffluent2ndgenerationsarereallyworrying,whetherinprivatelifeorbusinessability,asmostofthemdon’texperiencewealthaccumulationprocessoftheirfamilies.Thusfamilyeducationplaysavitalroleinthelong-rundevelopmentoffamilybusinesses.Forth