wines of New Zealand新西兰的葡萄酒

WINEOFNEWZEALANDNewZealandisalandlikenoother.NewZealandwineisanexperiencelikenoother.IneveryglassofNewZealandWineisaworldofpurediscovery--pure,intenseanddiverseHISTORYHISTORYHISTORYHISTORYWinemakingandvinegrowinggobacktocolonialtimesinNewZealand.Duetoeconomic,legislativeandculturalfactors,winewasformanyyearsamarginalactivityintermsofeconomicimportance.BEGINNINGHISTORYHISTORYDEVELOPMENTTherearethreefactorsthatheldbackthedevelopmentoftheindustryandcausedhistoricchangesinthelate1960sandearly1970s.ABritainenteredtheEuropeanEconomicCommunityBtheendofthesixo'clockswill“CTheoverseasexperienceHISTORYHISTORYThefirstproductionofaSauvignonBlancofgreatnoteappearstohaveoccurredin1977.AlsoproducedinthatyearweresuperiorqualitywinesofMullerThurgau,RieslingandPinotage.HISTORYHISTORYThesesuccesseslaunchedtheindustrywitheverincreasinginvestment.Suchwastheboomthatover-plantingoccurred,particularlyinthewrongvarietalsthatfelloutoffashionintheearly1980s.In1984thethenLabourGovernmentpaidgrowerstostoptheglut.Theglutwasonlytemporaryinanycase,asboomtimesreturnedswiftly.TheglutinawrongwayBackintherighttrackHISTORYHISTORYBREAKTHROUGHofSauvignonBlancNewZealandishometowhatmanywinecriticsconsidertheworld’sbestSauvignonBlanc.Inthe1980s,wineriesinNewZealand,especiallyintheMarlboroughregion,beganproducingoutstanding,somecriticssaidunforgettable,SauvignonBlanc.MAINREGIONSMAINREGIONSOVERVIEW10WineRegions(NtoS):NorthlandAucklandWaikato/BayofPlentyGisborneHawke'sBayWellingtonNelsonMarlboroughCanterbury/WaiparaCentralOtagoSOILmostlylocatedinfreedrainingalluvialvalleyswithnotableexceptionstypicallygreywacke,whichmakesupmuchofthemountainousspineofNewZealand.LATITUDE36°S(Northland)to45°S(CentralOtago).CLIMATE--maritimecoolersummers,milderwinterstypicallywettercoolnights--highinacidity.Northlandnorthernlocation+closenesstothesea--humid,sunnyandwarm.country’shighestaverageannualtemperature--thevinestoripentheirgrapesmoregreatly.mainlyclay-richloamsoilsoverasub-soilofcompactclay,withmostoftheregion'slandlyingbelow150metres.TERROIRwhitewine:ChardonnaysPinotGrisViogniersredwine:SyrahsCabernet/MerlotblendsPinotagesChambourcin.MAINSTYLESAucklandClimatically,Aucklandenjoyswarm,primarilyfrost-freeconditionswithrelativelyhighrainfall.Aucklandvineyardsareestablishedonclaysoilsofvolcanic,greywackeormixedalluvialorigin.Itcanbedividedintothreeareasin--WaihekeIsland,MatakanaandClevedon.TERROIRWaihekeIslandintheHaurakiGulfashortferryridefromdowntownAucklandwarm,drysummerclimateredwinesbasedon:CabernetSauvignonMerlotCabernetFrancSyrahChardonnayMatakanaontheeastcoastonehour'sdrivenorthofAucklandcityChardonnayPinotGrisMerlotCabernetSauvignonSyrah.ClevedonAuckland'smostrecentpremiumwinedistricthalfanhoursouthofthecityAwiderangeofvarieties:MerlotCabernetSauvignonSyrahChardonnayNebbioloSangioveseMontepulciano.WaikatoBayofPlentyLOCATIONsouthofAucklandsmallbutsteadilyexpandingvineyardplantingsTERROIRamoderatelywarmclimatesoilsofheavyloamsoverclaysubsoilsSTYLESChardonnaywithCabernetSauvignonandSauvignonBlancGisborneAwarmEastCoast:thebestplacetoexperiencewine,sunandfun.LOCATIONatthenorthendofPovertyBayCLIMATEdryhighsunshinehoursSTYLESChardonnayGewürztraminerViognierPinotGrisMerlotCHARACTARdistinctiveintensefruitdrinkablewhenyoungdevelopwellwithageHawkesBayOldest&2ndLargestTERRIORhottest&sunniestAmaritimeclimatehotdrywinds&lowrainfallGimblettGravelslowerfertility&watertableheatstorewarmermeso-climateSTYLESthelargestredwineregionCabernetMerlot&Syrah:80%.Chardonnay&CabernetMerlot:50%50%ofthevintageiswhitewineand50%redwine.WairarapaLOCATIONatthelowerright-handcornerofNorthIsland3mainsub-regions:MastertonGladstoneMartinboroughCLIMATESimilartoMarlboroughSTYLESPinotNoirSauvignonBlancMarlboroughLOCATIONnorth-easterncornerofSouthIslandboundedbythePacificOcean&mountainrangesbroadalluvialplain.CHARACTERGreatbalanceextraordinarypurityintensity,impressivearomadistinctivefruitbalancedacidityOneofthepremiumwineregionsoftheworld”ThereisnowineanywhereintheworldthattasteslikethewineofMarlborough”NelsonLOCATIONthecentreofNewZealandTERROIRMoutereHills--gravel-threadedclaysoilsWaimeaPlains--stonysoilsofalluvialoriginhighsunshinehoursmoderatingmaritimeinfluence.STYLESred--PinotNoirChardonnaywhite--SauvignonBlancRieslingPinotGrisaromaticvariety--RieslingPinotGrisGewürztraminer“NelsonishometoNewZealand’sfinestaromatics”TERROIRChristchurch--alluvialsiltloamsovergravelsubsoilsWaipara--chalkyloams&richinlimestoneLong,drysummersabundantsunshinecoolgrowingconditionsCanterbury/WaiparaSTYLESChardonnayPinotNoirRieslingSauvignonBlancThisterroirgiveseachvineyarduniquecharactersthatcontributetoarangeofwinestyles.LOCATIONNewZealand'shighestworld'smostsoutherlyTERROIRinlandmountainouslocationasemi-continentalclimateverycoldwinters,hotsummerscoolnighttimetemperaturesverylowrainfall.glaciallyderivedsoilsrichdepositsofmicaandschistCentralOtagoSTYLESPinotNoirRieslingPinotGrisChardonnayVARIOTIES&GRAPESVARIOTIES&GRAPESOVERVIEWNewZealandproduceslessthan1%oftheworld’swine,yetoffersanimpressivearrayofvarietiesandstyles.