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单项填空题解题指导（三）单项填空干扰点的命题设计及解题窍门（三）干扰之五：利用题干惯性此种类型的题多以对话形式出现，学生答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构等来判断选项，结果造成错选。例如：1.Fewpleasurescanequal＿＿ofacooldrinkonahotday.(1999全国卷)A.someB.anyC.thatD.those2.－Alice.youfeedthebirdtoday,＿＿＿＿＿?－ButIfedityesterday.(1999全国卷)A.doyouB.willyouC.didn'tyouD.don'tyou（此句的意思比较清楚：“没有什么快乐能比得上在大热天里喝上一杯冷饮那么惬意”，但同学们在选答时却往往错选D，因为前面有复数名词pleasures，其实acooldrink是单数，指一件事，故正确选项是_____。）（此题受题干影响同学们在选答时会错选错选D，因为前面有youfeed…，其实前句并非陈述句而是一个祈使句，故正确选项是_____。）3.--Youhaven'tbeentoBeijing,haveyou?--_____.HowIwishtogothere!A.Yes,IhaveB.Yes,Ihaven'tC.No,IhaveD.No,Ihaven't4.—Don'tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow．—_____．A．Idon'tB．Iwon'tC．IcannotD．Ihaven't（受题干问话惯性和汉语影响，同学们很容易错选B,其实在英语里无论肯定问句还是否定问句，回答都须根据事实回答，且简略回答要前后一致，故正确选项是_____。）（因为前面有Don’tforget…，同学们受惯性影响在选答时会错选A，而正确选项是_____，“我不会的”）解题诀窍：1）补全对话；2）分清角色由于这种试题多出现在对话题中，答语往往较简洁，多有省略，拿不准时应将答语补充完整。另外要分清问答语气不同所使用的情态动词也不同，注意汉英不同习惯的表达。例如：5..—Wouldyoulendmeyourpenforawhile？—Certainly．I_____．A．wouldB．shouldC．WillD．shall(用would提问征求对方意见是为了表示礼貌，语气委婉，但回答用would就显得语气不肯定了，所以应选)6.—HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?—Ihavenoidea.He______itthismorning.(2004全国卷)A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone7.--Youhaven'tlosttheticket,haveyou?--______.Iknowit'snoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.（2004江苏卷）A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,I’mafraidso8.—Iwonderifyourwifewillgototheball．—Ifyourwifedoes，so_____mine．A．isB.doC．doesD．Will9.—ShallItellJohnaboutit？—No，you_____，I'vetoldhimalready．A．needn'tB．won'tC．mustn'tD．shan't请你试试看：10.Bill’saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingonTVisillegal(不合法的),_______?(2004上海）A.isn’titB.isitC.isn’theD.ishe11.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear，80%aresoldabroad.(2004辽宁)A．ofwhichB．whichofC．ofthemD．oftheshoes请你试试看：干扰之六：利用形近义近把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，使基础知识掌握不牢的考生难于区分。例如：1.I’dliketobuyahouse—modern,comfortable,and_______inaquietneighborhood.（2004福建）A．inallB．aboveallC．afterallD．atall2.—HowdoyouwegotoBeijingforourholidays?—Ithinkwe’dbetterflythere.It’smuchmorecomfortable.A．insistB．wantC．supposeD．suggest3.1.ThefilmsmadebyDisney______allovertheworld.A．areusedtoshowB．areusedtoshowingC．usedtobeshownD．usedtoshow解题诀窍：1）明确词意所选答案要符合句子意思；2）归纳比较平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异同，牢记它们的用法。再如：5.Howabouteighto'clockoutsidethecinema?-That_______mefine.（2004全国卷）A.fitsB.meetsC.satisfiesD.suits6.Youcantakeanythingfromtheshelfandread,butplease___thebookswhenyou'vefinishedwiththem.（2004全国卷）A.putonB.putdownC.putbackD.putoff7.Heisinhospitalforsixmonths．Hefeltasifhewas_____fromtheoutsideworld．（2004全国春季卷）A.cutout．B.cutoffC.cutupD.cutthrough9.－DoyouthinktheStarswillbeattheBulls?－Yes.Theyhavebetterplayers,soI＿＿themtowin.A.hopeB.preferC.expectD.want10．—Isupposeallthestudentswenttothemuseumthisafternoon.—I’mafraidnot.Theywenttothenetbarinstead.A．almostB．nearlyC.mostlyD．most1.Theprice＿＿,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.（1999全国卷）A.wentdownB.willgodownC.hasgonedownD.wasgoingdown干扰之七：巧设语言环境命题人在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。例如：(Idoubtwhetheritwillremainso就是一个很巧妙的语境，说明情况已发生变化，但不知会不会持续下去，故答案是：)2.—YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.—Oh,I___forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.A．waswaitingB．hadwaitedC．amwaitingD．havewaited3.—Goforapicnicthisweekend,OK?—_____.Ilovegettingclosetonature.(2004福建）A．Icouldn’tagreemoreB．I’mafraidnotC．IbelievenotD．Idon’tthinkso4.－Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?－－Oh,I'mterriblysorry.＿＿＿．A.I'mnotnoticingB.Iwasn'tnoticingC.Ihaven‘tnoticingD.Idon'tnoticing请你试试看：解题诀窍：1）身临其境，揣摩意图特别是对付考查时态的试题更要将自己置身于所提供的背景之中，同时注意揣摩命题者的意图；2）认真分析题干里所隐藏的信息如前后动词的时态以及那些貌似与题目无关的信息。例如：5.Robertissaid_____abroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.（1999全国卷）A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC．tobestudyingD．tohavebeenstudying此题的关键词是studied，由于这个动词用的是过去时，说明Robert先前在国外学习过而现在不再在国外学习了。故答案是：请你试试看：6.--IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.--Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.（1998全国卷）A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed7.Shirley_____abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.（1998全国卷）A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting8.--HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?--Ihavenoidea.He______itthismorning.A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone9.Mr.White_____at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’t’showup.（2004广西卷）A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving10.--Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou．Pleasegoon．--WherewasI？--You____＿youdidn'tlikeyourfather'sjob．A．hadsaidB．saidC.weresayingD.hadbeensaying11.—GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?—No,I.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?A．wasnotinvitedB．havenotbeeninvitedC．hadn’tbeeninvitedD．didn’tinvite