单项填空题解题指导(二)单项填空干扰点的命题设计及解题窍门(二)干扰设计之三:利用思维定势利用思维定势的影响来设题,这是最容易让考生上当的题。因为考生背记了许多语法规则和词的固定搭配,做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则和局部固定搭配,往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择,结果当然出错。例如:1.Whichdoyouenjoy_______yoursparetime,playingcardsathomeortakingawalkinthepark?A.spendingB.tospendC.havingspentD.tohavespent2.Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwasawastelandtenyearsago.(2004天津卷)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where(同学们对于enjoy后接-ing动词记得很熟,已成定势,所以会不假思索选A,而实际上此句enjoy的宾语是which,空白处应填入一个表示目的不定式,故正确选项应为:____)(由于老师总是强调介词后应接关系代词which,因而会产生定势选B。实际上这里并不是inwhich引导定语从句,介词in后是一个宾语从句,故正确项应是______.)3.——Englishhaslargevocabulary,hasn’tit?—Yes,_______morewordsandexpressionsandyouwillfinditeasiertoreadandcommunicate.(2004上海卷)A.KnowB.KnowingC.ToknowD.Known4.Thedaywehadbeenlookingforwardto___atlast.A.comeB.cameC.comingD.tocome(动词放在句首常见形式不是分词就是不定式,同学们很可能因为这定势思维选B或C,其实正确选项是_____,Dosth.andyouwill…也是一个常见句型。)(lookingforwardtosth/doingsth.也同学们记得很牢的一个固定搭配,故会不加思索选A,其实空白处缺少的是谓语动词,应填______。此句可译为:我们一直盼望的那一天终于到来了!)解题诀窍:逻辑情理法单项填空象完型填空一样也要以句意通顺、合符逻辑、合符情理为主要选答依据,切勿在未弄清句意的情况下就因为某些固定搭配而上当误选。再如:5.I’msorryIcan’thelp_____theflooroftheclassroom.A.sweepingB.sweptC.tosweepD.tosweeping(can’thelpdoing是一个固定搭配,意为“禁不住做…”,同学们很可能因此选A。但是can’thelp(to)do也是可以的,意为“不能帮助做…”,根据句子的意思,此题应选_______.)6.MadameCurie,for_____lifehadoncebeenveryhard,wassuccessfullater.A.whomB.whichC.whoseD.that7.____straightonandyou’llseeachurch.Youwon’tmissit.(2004广东卷)A.GoB.GoingC.IfyougoD.Whengoing8.Doyouhaveanyideaofthereason_____hereferredto?A.thatB.whereC.whyD.when请你试试看:Key:6.(不是C)7.8.(不是C)10.—WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?—_________wayasyouplease.(2004福建)A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.Either11.Idon'tmindpickingupyourthingsfromthestore._____,thewalkwilldomegood.(2004全国)A.SoonerorlaterB.StillC.IntimeD.Besides12.ItisI,who____yourtruefriend,thatwilldowhateverIcan_____yououtofthetrouble.A.is;helpB.is;tohelpC.am;helpD.am;tohelp13.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_______Idisagree.(2004全国卷)A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how请你试试看:请你试试看:14.It’ssaidthatthemanagerhasgonebacktohishometown_____ChristmasA.onB.atC.sinceD.for15.–Whatdothinkoftheplan?–Ifeel____thatweoughttogiveitupatonce.A.stronglyB.strongC.strongerD.itstrong16.______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(2004北京)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.WhatKey:10.11.12.13.1415.16.干扰之四:利用汉英差异英汉在表达习惯,思维方式等方面具有很多不同,命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的“参加”在许多情况下都适用,如参加会议,参加考试,参加解放军等,而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词,如:takepartinthecelebration,attendameeting,jointhearmy,takeanexam,joininadiscussion例如:1.–It’sgettinglate.I'mafraidImustbegoingnow.-OK.______.(2004全国卷)A.TakeiteasyB.GoslowlyC.StaylongerD.Seeyou2.Happybirthday,Alice!Soyouhavetwenty-onealready!(2004天津卷)A.becomeB.turnedC.grownD.passed(按照中国人习惯,同学们可能要选B或C,而正确选项是:___.)(按照中国人习惯,同学们可能要选C或D,而正确选项是:___.)3Mr.Smithusedtosmokebuthehasgivenitup.(2004天津卷)A.seriouslyB.heavilyC.badlyD.hardly4.---What’smadeTommysoupset?---Ibelieve____thegame.Itshockedhimsomuch.A.forlosingB.lostC.losingD.becauseoflosing(按照汉语习惯,同学们可能要选A或C,而正确选项是:___.)(按照汉语习惯,同学们可能要选A或D,而正确选项是:__,因为what是对主语提问.回答部分也应该是名词性短语losingthegame.)解题诀窍:留心英汉表达差异平时要多读多比较多归纳,尽量避免Chinglish。请你试试看:5.Iwonder______thiscarbelongsto?A.whoseB.whomC.whomdoesD.whodoes6.Thepriceofvegetablesisnowmuch_____thantenyearsago.A.morehigherB.moreexpensiveC.dearerD.higher7.ThepopulationofChinais_____thanthatofRussia.A.muchmoreB.muchlargerC.manymoreD.manylarger8.Therewasonceacruelking_____inthecastle.A.livedB.wholivesC.waslivingD.living请你试试看:Key:5.6.7.8.(Tobecontinued)Seeyounexttime!