英国文学

AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter6LiteratureTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressCONTENTTheOldEnglishPeriodandMiddleEnglishPeriod(450-1500)ITheRenaissance(1500-1660)IITheNeo-ClassicalPeriod(1660-1785)IIITheRomanticPeriod(1785-1830)IVTheModernPeriod(1914-1945)VITheVictorianPeriod(1832-1901)VThePostmodernPeriod(1945-)VIIForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressTheOldEnglishPeriodandMiddleEnglishPeriod(450-1500)I1.1GeneralKnowledge1.2TheOldEnglishPeriod1.3TheMiddleEnglishPeriodForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.1GeneralKnowledgeInpractice,worksofliteraturefallintofourcategoriesorgenres:narrativefictiondramapoetrynon-fictionproseForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.1GeneralKnowledgeThetwokindsofnarrativefictionyouwillreadmostoftenareshortstoriesandnovels.Myths(神话),parables(寓言),romances(传奇),andepics(史诗)arealsopartofthegenre.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.2TheOldEnglishPeriodOldEnglish:theepicBeowulf■AfolklegendbroughttoEnglandbytheAnglo-Saxonsfromtheircontinentalhomes.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.3TheMiddleEnglishPeriodWiththeNormanConquestin1066,BritainenteredtheMiddleAges(1066-1485).MiddleEnglish:TheCanterburyTales(1387-1400)GeoffreyChaucer(1340?-1400)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressTheRenaissance(1500-1660)2.1GeneralKnowledge2.2WilliamShakespeareIIForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressRenaissanceischaracterizedbyadmirationoftheGreekandLatinclassicworks.sonnet(十四行诗)drama•Thedramatypesaretragedy,comedyandfarce(滑稽剧).2.1GeneralKnowledgeForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Shakespeare’sBirthplaceForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)EnglishplaywrightWilliamShakespearewasborninthathouseonHenleyStreetinStratford-upon-AvoninApril1564.Shakespeare’sfather,John,purchasedthebuildingintwostages,in1556and1572.Today,Shakespeare’sbirthplaceisamuseum,furnishedasitmighthavebeeninShakespeare’stime.ItalsohousesanexhibitonShakespeare’slife.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressTheGlobeTheatre,wheredramatistWilliamShakespearesawhisplaysperformed400yearsago,hasbeenrebuiltnearitsoriginallocationonthesouthbankoftheThamesRiverinLondon,England.2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressComedy■AMidsummerNight’sDream(1595)■TheMerchantofVenice(1598)■AsYouLikeIt(1599)■TwelfthNight(1601)2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Historicalplays■RichardIII(1591)■HenryIV(1597)■AntonyandCleopatra(1606)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)TragediesHamlet(1601)Othello(1604)KingLear(1605)Macbeth(1606)RomeoandJuliet(1595)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Jaques:Alltheworld'sastage,Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers;Theyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrances,Andonemaninhistimeplaysmanyparts,Hisactsbeingsevenages.—AsYouLikeIt(Act2,scene7,139–143)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Tobe,ornottobe(fromHamlet3/1)Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:Whether'tisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem?ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Q.WhichplayisregardedasamilestoneinShakespeare’sdramaticdevelopment?A:Hamlet.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Q.WhatmakesShakespearesofamous?A:Hisgreatunderstandingofhumannatureandhisabilitytofinduniversalhumanqualitiesandtoputthemindramaticsituations.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressTheNeo-classicalPeriod(1660-1785)III3.1HistoricalBackground3.2RepresentativesForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressThe17thcenturywitnessedtheBourgeoisRevolutionandtheRestoration.The18thcenturyisacomparativelypeacefuldevelopmentperiod.(TheIndustrialRevolution)3.1HistoricalBackgroundForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress3.1HistoricalBackgroundClassicismprevailedforthemostpartofthecenturywithAlexanderPopeasitsrepresentative.Satire(讽刺文学),makingfunofpeople,cametofullgrowthinthiscentury.■AlexanderPope■JonathanSwift■DanielDefoeForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress3.2Representatives3.2.1JohnMilton[3.2.4DanielDefoe3.2.2AlexanderPope3.2.3JonathanSwiftForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress■JohnMilton(1608-1674)●ParadiseLost(1667)●ParadiseRegained(1671)●SamsonAgonistes(1671)3.2.1JohnMiltonForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress3.2.2AlexanderPope■AlexanderPope(1688-1744)●AnEssayonCriticism(1711)●TheRapeoftheLock(1712-1714)■translatedHomer’sIliadandpartofOdyssey■thefirstE