英语语法(全集)

一、一般现在时的用法1.表示经常发生的动作，存在的状态或日常习惯。常与everyday,often,always.Sometimes等连用。IgotoBritianeveryyear.Iamateacher.2.表示主语的性格，能力特征ThestudentsoftheuniversitieslikeEnglishverymuch.Mydaughtersingsverywell.Mybrotherworksveryhard3.表示客观事时或普遍真理ThesunrisesintheeastTwoandtwoisfour1.一般在词尾加s.Work-workslive-livesplay-plays2.以sh.ch.s.o.结尾加-esWash-washesteach-teachesdress-dresses3.以辐音自母加y结尾,变y为i加-es.Study-studiesfly-fliestry-tries1.在be动词后加notArenot=aren’tisnot=isn’t2.主语+don’t+动词原形。主语+doesn’t+动词原形Billlikesparties.Billdoesn’tlikepartiesWestudyEnglishhardWedon’tstudyEnglishhard.1.将be动词提到句首。HeisateacherTheyarestudentsIsheteacher?Aretheystudents?2.在句首加Does或DoTheystudyEnglish.----DotheystudyEnglish?HelivesinAustralia.DoesheliveinAustralia?。以what.who.whom.whose.which.whenwhere.why.how引导。除who外，一般加一般疑问句式.Whendoeshegotobed?Wheredoesshecomefrom?WhydoyoustudyEnglish?Howmanypeoplearethereinyoufamily第一人称：mineours第二人称：yours第三人称：his,hers,its,theirs.P15exercises2.Thisispen.Thatis,too..3.3.Thisscarf.Thatistoo.4.Thisisnewspaper.Thatis,too.5.Thesearechildren.Thoseare,too.6.Thesearestudents.Thoseare.１.How+形容词＋主谓结构（可省）。Howbeautifultheflowersare.２.What+名词单数。Whatawonderfuldayitis.What+名词复数Whatlovelychildren.Whatexcitingnews.一.规则变化1.在名词后+sbook-booksstudent-students2.以sh,ch,s,x结尾+esclass-classesinch-inchesbrush-brushes3.辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es.factory-factoriesfamily-familiesuniversity-universities部分以o结尾词+es.Hero-heroespotato—potatoestomato-tomatoesradio—radiosphoto—photospiano—pianos4.部分以f结尾，变f为v+eslife—livesknife—knivesleaf--leaves*roof—roofshandkerchief--handkerchiefsmouse—micefoot—feettooth—teethchild—childrendeer—deersheep—sheep1.some:用在肯定句中，修饰可数名词和不可数名词。Thereissomecoffee.2.any:用于疑问句和否定句。Isthereanymilkinthebottle?Ihaven’tgotanybrothers.3.no:作定语，修饰可数不可数。Thereisnosugarinthebox.1.Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?2.Willyoulendmesomebooks?二、可数名词与不可数名词。1.个体名词：man,teacher,student2.集体名词：class,team,army.*以上两种名词属于可数名词。3.物质名词：milkcottonair4.抽象名词：lovehappinesslife1.用法：表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。TheyarewatchingTVinthelivingroom.Heislisteningtotheradio.IamreadingEnglish.主语+be+现在分词现在分词的构成：1）、在动词原形后+ing.watch-watchingtalk-talkingGo-goingtell-telling2).重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这一字母+ingWin-winningsit-sittingswim-swimmingbegin-beginning3)以不发音e结尾，去e+ing.give=-givingmove-movingHave-havingtake-taking一般现在时表示经常发生的动作，而现在进行时表示在此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。TheyalwaysgooutonSundays,butthisSundaytheyarestayingathome.有些动词是不能用于现在进行时的：seehear,like,love.Prefer,hatewantneedmeanforgetknowseembelievetobegoingto+动词原形表示主观打算、看法或即将要发生的动作。Iamgoingtomakedinner.Thefootballmatchisgoingtostartateight.Itisgoingtorain.2.现在进行时表将来，常用动词有：goleavecomestartdovisitHeisnotcoming.WhenareyougoingbacktoyoufactoryMaryisleavingforParis.WeareinvitingTomtoaparty.4.一般现在时表将来：表示已经安、排计划、或规定好的动作。Thetrainleavesatfiveo,clock.TheboysstartschoolonMonday.Whendoesthedelegationcomehere/Ourflightleavesateleventhirty.以上三种表示将来的用法比较Iamgoingtoleavenextweek.（带有主观意向）Iamleavingnextweek.（已决定这样做并已安排。）Ileavenextweek.（根据日程表的安排）.用法：表示纯属客观将来2.构成：will(shall)+动词原形Youwillbefortyyearsoldnextyear.TomorrowwillbeSunday.注意；shallI……Willyou……表示征求对方意见Shallwehaveadrink?Willyoupassmethecup?一、用法：表示过去某一时刻发生的动作二、构成：主语+动词过去式三、过去式的构成（一）规则动词1.在动词后+edwork-workedhelp—helpedstay-stayedcall-called2.辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+edstudy-studiedtry-tried3.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这一辅音字母+edplan-plannedadmit-admitted4.以不发音e结尾，+darrive-arrivedlive-livedSo+be/do/will/did+主语SheisFrench,andsoamI.Theywerelate,andsowerewe.HewenttoIndialastyear,andsodidshe.Wewillhaveatwo-weekholiday,sowill一、用法：两者之间进行比较二、构成：规则变化（一）单音节和部分双音节词1，+ertall-tallergreat-greaterlong-longer2.以e结尾只+rFine-finerlate-laterbrave-braver.重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再+er.big-biggerhot-hotterthin-thinner4.辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+erHappy-happierbusy-busierlucky-luckier（二）、多音节和多数双音节词，在词前+more.famous---morefamousInteresting---moreinterestingdifficult---moredifficultexpensive---moreexpensive三、不规则变化good—betterbad—worselittle—lessmany—moreold—olderfar—farther---elder---further注意:older的意思是较老的,说明人的年纪或事物年代的久远.elder的意思是较年长的.Thatismyelderbrother.HeistwoyearsolderthanI.Farther:较远的Further:进一步的TomjumpsfartherthanI.Haveyouanyfurthernewsfromthemeeting?1,The+比较级…..the+比较级表示越来越.Themore,thebetter.Thefasterwego,thesoonerwearrive2.比较级+and+比较级表示越来越Thebusranfasterandfaster..Theboyisgrowingtallerandtaller.比较级的修饰语:muchalotfaralittleabit.SheisabittallerthanI.TomdidthejobfarbetterthanMary.Thecropsaregrowingfarbetterthanlastyear.与比较级是相似的tall-tallestbrave-bravestbig-biggestclever-cleveresthappy-happiestfamous-mostfamousinteresting-mostinteresting最高级的不规则变化good-bestbad-worstLittle-lestmanymuch-mostLate-latest1.作表语时可以不加theCottonshirtsaregenerallycheapest.Thelightbythewindowisbest.2.amost表示非常常.It’samostdifficultquestion.Wespentasmosthappyevening.主语+have(has)+过去分词过去分词的构成：1.规则动词（1）。在动词后+edwork—workedlook—looked(2).以e结尾直接+darrive—arrivedlive—lived辐音字母+y结尾，变y为i+ed一般过去时强调动作本身，包括时间地点。IsawMaryanhourago.Shelostherhandbagyesterday现在完成时强调动作的结果或对现在产生的影响。Ihavebee