英语语法(基本句型+倒装)

第五周语法英语基本句型倒装结构英语的基本句型有5种•主语+系动词+表语（SVC）•主语+动词（不及物动词）（SV）•主语+动词（及物动词）+宾语（SVO）•主语+动词+间宾+直宾（SVOO）•主语+动词+宾语+宾补(SVOC)主语+系动词+表语（SVC）•常用的系动词除了be还有:•表状态的:seem,appear•表感觉的:feel,taste,sound,smell,look•表保持状态的:keep,stay,remain,stand,prove•表状态变化的:get,grow,turn,become,go,fall主语+系动词+表语（SVC）•1.Thefoodisdelicious.•2.Hemotherhasfallenill.•3.Theweatherisgettingquitewarm.•4.Therosessmellsweet.•5.Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.•6.Theplansoundsperfect.主语+不及物动词谓语动词是不及物动词，常常带有状语。•Thefruitstorehasclosed.•Theyhavebeensinginganddancingfortwohours.•Theplanewilltakeoffsoon.•TheywillflytoLondon.主语+动词+宾语谓语动词是及物动词，后面跟宾语。•Themachineisdrillingahole.•Theteacheropenedthedoor.•Hehasalotofstorybooks.主语+动词+间宾+直宾•谓语动词是带双宾语的及物动词。•两个宾语中前一个为间接宾语，后一个为直接宾语。•常见的谓语动词–give,bring,tell,send,leave,pass,read,write,take,show,teach,get,award，lend，rent，pay，recommend主语+动词+间宾+直宾•Thenewwaysavedusmuchtime.•Ipaidhimfiftydollars.•Heorderedhimselfasoftdrink.•Helentmehiscar.•Ifoundhimanewtextbook.主语+动词+宾语+补语1.TheyappointedMr.WhitePresidentoftheschool.2.TheschoolelectedCharlespresidentoftheuniversity.3.Ifoundherenteringahouse.4.Shelikeshergueststofeelathome.5.Iwarnedhimnottobelate.6.Myfathersawhimstealthemoney.7.Youmayleavethechildinmycare.8.Thewomancaughtherhusbandreadingherdiary.主语+动词+宾语+补语•谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词，也就是说，这些动词除了有一个直接宾语外，还要加上宾语补足语，句子的意义才能够完整。•宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语充当。•宾语与他的补足语之间存在着逻辑上的（即意义上）的主谓关系Inversion倒装句基本语序主语+谓语HeknewnooneinParis.倒装语序部分倒装完全倒装谓语+主语助动词/情态动词完全倒装部分倒装+主语+v.…Incametheheadmaster.DidEinsteincareformoney?倒装的目的1语法要求：疑问句，therebe,祝愿句2修辞要求：为了强调；为描写生动；为衔接上下文；为平衡句子部分倒装1）never,often,seldom,little,nowhere,not,hardly,scarcely等词位于句首时•NeverhaveIseenhimbefore.•Seldomdowegoout.•Littledoesheknowwhattroubleheisin.Exercises:•Wearegoingnowhereattheweekend.•Hedidnotmakeasinglemistake.Nowherearewegoingattheweekend.Notasinglemistakedidhemake.•Weoftenwarnedthemnottodoso.Oftendidwewarnthemnottodoso.2)Only+状语，位于句首•Onlyinthiswaycanyouworkouttheproblem.•Hewasabletogetbackhomeonlywhenthewarwasover.Onlywhenthewarwasover,washeabletogetbackhome.Exercise:3)Nosooner…than…Hardly…when…Scarcely…when…Hardlyhadtheygoneoutoftheclassroomwhenitbegantorain.位于句首•Hehadnosoonerarrivedtherethanhefellill.Nosoonerhadhearrivedtherethanhefellill.•Hehadscarcelyfallenasleepwhenaknockatthedoorawakedher.Scarcelyhadshefallenasleepwhenaknockatthedoorawakedher.Exercises:4.not…until…•NotuntilyesterdaydidIknowthenews.•Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.so….that...位于句首•Ididnotbegintodomyhomeworkuntilmymothercameback.NotuntilmymothercamebackdidIbegintodomyhomework.Exercises:5)Notonly…butalso…连接两个句子时•Notonlywastherenoelectricityatthattimebutalso(therewas)nowaterinthearea.•Heisnotonlyanactorbutalsoawriter.Notonlyisheanactorbutalso(heis)awriter.6)soneither/nor引起的句子表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人•Helikesriceverywell.SodoI.•Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Neitherhashe.•Wesawthefilmlastweek.Theysawit,too.Wesawthefilmlastweek.Sodidthey.Iread•Ididn’treadthenoticeontheblackboard.Hedidn’teither.Ididn’treadthenoticeontheblackboard.Nordidhe.*Itwascoldyesterday.Soitwas.Exercises:7.prep.+no+n.位于句首AtnotimewillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.Bynomeanscanteachingbeseparatedfrompractice.8.省略了if的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句的谓语动词如果是were,had,should时，可省略if,但其谓语须倒装。Hadyouworkedhardatyourlessons,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.完全倒装Here,there,then,now,或out,in,up,down,away,off等副词开头的句子Theregoesthebell.Outrushedtheteacher.Thencameanewdifficulty.Nowcomesyourturn.主语是人称代词，语序不变。Hereyouare.Outitcomes.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。“I’llcallagainaftersupper,”saidhe.“Letmegoonwiththeoperation.”saidoneofthedoctors.表语（介词短语）+系动词+主语•Inthecornerwasatable.(Atablewasinthecorner.)强调表语时使用•Aroundhisheadwasabrownsnake.*As引导的让步状语从句Oldashewas,heinsistedongoingwithus.Hardasheworked,hefailed.Childasheis,heknowsalotabouttheworld.Tryashemight,Tomcouldnotgetoutofhedifficulty.FailasIdid,Iwouldtryagain.1.n./adj.+as+S+v.2.adv.+as+S+v.3.v.+as+S+情态动词/助动词状语（介词短语）+v.+S.Onthewallhangsanoldjacket.(Tothe)eastofthecitylietwolakes.Twolakeslietotheeastofthecity.Atthefootofthehillwesawahouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.TRANSLATIONEXERCISESFORINVERTION1.我刚合上眼,电话铃就响了.(nosooner….than…2.我不但去过南京,我还是在那里出生的.(notonly….butalso….)3.我永远忘不了我入团的那一天.(never)4.只有不断地练习,我们才能学好英语口语.(onlyby….)5.直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她来.(not….until)6.门后跑出个猫.(out)7.他从没去过北京,我也是.