英语语法专题系列讲座――第二讲：被动语态

英语语法专题系列讲座第二讲英语被动语态PassiveVoiceLeadin一、被动语态的构成Rockets（火箭）________(use)tosendupsatellites（卫星）．areused火箭发射图Therocket_____________(sendup)intospace．isbeingsentup污染图Theairandthewater________________(pollute)．arebeingPolluted砍伐图Trees___________(cut)down．Soil____________(wash)away(被冲走)．arebeingcutwillbewashed拳击图Aboxer_____________(beat)down．hasbeenbeaten双子楼图Thetwintowers___________(attack)in2001．wereattacked生病图Theboymay_______________(infect)withAIDS．havebeeninfected表格：被动态基本结构时态被动语态结构1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.现在进行时4.过去进行时5.一般将来时6.过去将来时7.现在完成时8.过去完成时am/is/are+pastparticiplewas/were+pastp.(过去分词)am/is/are+being+pastp.was/were+being+pastp.shall/will+be+pastp.would+be+pastp.have/has+been+pastp.had+been+pastp.Oralpractice-主动句改被动句Oralpractice——1.Changeeachsentenceintopassivevoice:1)Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.2)Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam．3)WhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree．•Hewasknockeddownbyacar…．•Themedicalteamismadeupof…．•Afallentreewasbeingcutup…．4)We’llputontheplaynextSunday．5)Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool．6)Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear．•TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday．•Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuilt…．•Therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear．7)Weshouldprotecttheearth．8)Youneedtopaintthewall．9)Myunclegavemeagiftonmybirthday．•I•Agift•Theearthshouldbeprotected．•Thewallneedstobepainted．•Iwasgivenagiftonmybirthday．•Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.10)Wealwayskeeptheroomclean．11)Weoftenhearhimplayguitar．12)Theysawaboyflyingakite．•Theroomisalwayskeptclean．•Heisoftenheardtoplayguitar．•Aboywasseenflyingakite．Correctingmistake2.Correctthemistake(s)ineachsentenceifany:1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball．2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity．3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?wassentwilllastwerehurt4)Afirewasbrokenoutlastnight．5)Hehadtotravelbybusashiscarwasdamagedinanaccidentafewdaysbefore．6)Thelargebuildingthatisnowbuiltwillbeahospital．hadbeendamagedisnowbeingbuiltbrokeout7)Classisbegunat7:30everyday．8)Hisplanissoundedgood．9)Yourcoatneedsbeingwashed．beginssoundstobewashed/washing主动式表被动义Thebooks____well．A.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth____easily．A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashedBC二、主动形式表被动意义★(表示主语的属性、特征等的)动词+副词(如well/badly/easily/smoothly等),用主动语态形式表被动意义。此类常用动词如下：read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…Asksomestudentstomakesentences,usingtheverbslistedabove.★当英语不定式用在某些形容词后作定语，且和句子的主语或宾语构成动宾关系时，用主动形式表被动意义。difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,comfortable,light,heavy,safe,…Thefishisnotfit_______(eat)．WefindEnglishhard_______(learn)．Thearticleisdifficult___________(understand).toeattolearntounderstandIhavealotofhomework______(do)．I’llgivehimsomebooks______(read)．todotoread表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。（1)表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动形式表被动意义。(look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,make,...)•Thesteelfeelscold．（2）表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词通常用主动式表被动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run,...)•Theshopopensat6am.everyday．表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义（3）表示主语属性特征的动词+副词well/badly/easily/smoothly等,用主动式表被动义。(read,write,set,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink,...)Thepenwritessmoothly．（4）作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表被动意义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。Yourjacketneedswashing/tobewashed．（5）不定式在某些形容词后作状语，且和句子的主语或宾语构成动宾关系时，用主动式表被动义。(difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,comfortable,light,heavy,dangerous,safe,...)•Thefishisnotfittoeat．（6）不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语或宾语构成主谓关系时，用主动形式表被动意义；但若用在therebe结构中，主动、被动均可（口语中常用主动式）。Therearemanythingstodo/tobedone．Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.(7)betoblame表示“应受批评、责备”，用主动形式表被动意义。•Theboyistoblameforwhathehasdone．（8）少数不及物动词和不及物动词短不能用作被动语态形式，或换言之没有被动语态形式。rise,happen,succeed,remain,...takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto,...加to/for•在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前加to:bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,sell,show,pay,promise,take,teach,etc.•在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前加for:buy,build,cook,cut,choose,find,fetch,do,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,sing,etc.如将含双宾语的主动句变被动语态句，一般变间接宾语(指人)为主语的较多；如把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词。Anewshirtwasbought____me．Themagazinewaspassedon____him.Thosebooksweresold____Tomat5dollarseach．Anotherpieceofmusicwasplayed____thepatients．Thecupwithmixturewasshowed____theclass．Agooddinnerhasbeenordered____theguests.fortotofortofor带双宾语的主动句改被动注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make等感观动词后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后则必须带to。请学生将下列数句改为被动语态句：Isawhimstealintotheroomthatnight.Weoftenhearthemquarrelwitheachotherinclass.DoyounoticeJackmakefastprogressinhisChinesestudyrecently?1.Anexhibitionofpaintings____atthemuseumnextweek．A．aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholdingD．willholdMultiplechoiceB2.I’msorry,sir．Yourrecorderisn’treadyyet．It____inthefactory．A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepairedD.hasn’tbeenrepairedA3．Everypossiblemeans____,butnone____successful．A.hastried;hasprovedB．tried;provesC.hasbeentried;provesD.isbeingtried;isprovedC4．Thequestionheaskedishard____．A.foranswerB.toanswerC．tobeansweredD.answeringB5．Inwarmweather,fruitandmeat____long．A.cannotbekeptB.don’tkeepC.mustn’tkeep