英国文学史教案 上&下

课程教案课程名称英国文学简史（刘炳善编著）授课班级本科三年级（上）授课时间2005年9月~2006年1月任课教师吴桂辉1LectureOne:OldEnglishLiterature教学目的((11))GGiivveegguuiiddiinnggiiddeeaassaabboouuttppooeettrryy,,iinncclluuddiinnggiittsseelleemmeennttssaannddddiiffffeerreennttttyyppeess((22))PPrroovviiddeebbaassiicckknnoowwlleeddggeeooffuunnddeerrssttaannddiinngg&&aapppprreecciiaattiinnggOOllddEEnngglliisshhlliitteerraattuurree((33))EExxppeerriieenncceeOOllddEEnngglliisshhlliitteerraarryywwoorrkkBBeeoowwuullfftthhrroouugghhrreeaaddiinngg教学要求((11))GGrraasspptthheemmaaiinniiddeeaassaabboouuttBBeeoowwuullffaannddiittssccuullttuurraallvvaalluueess((22))AAnnaallyyzzeetthheetthheemmeeaannddaarrttiissttiiccffeeaattuurreessooffBBeeoowwuullff教学方法((11))LLeeccttuurreess::pprroovviiddiinnggeesssseennttiiaallbbaacckkggrroouunnddkknnoowwlleeddggee((22))SSeemmiinnaarrss::ddiissccuussssiinnggoonnggiivviinnggttooppiiccss教学手段((11))MMuullttii--mmeeddiiaaeeqquuiippmmeenntt学时分配TTwwooppeerriiooddss教学过程1.Leading-in:OldEnglish,orAnglo-Saxon,periodextendsfromabout450to1066,theyearoftheNorman-FrenchconquestofEngland.TheGermanictribesfromEuropewhooverranEnglandinthe5thcentury,aftertheRomanwithdrawal,broughtwiththemtheOldEnglish,orAnglo-Saxonlanguage,whichisthebasisofModernEnglish.2.TheHistoricalBackground:TheEnglishpeopleareofamixedblood.TheearlyinhabitantsontheislandwecallitEnglandwereBritons,atribeofCelts,andtheywereaprimitivepeople.Fromtheyear55B.C.,BritainwasinvadedbyJuliusCaesar,theRomanConqueror,andatthesametime,BritainwasinvadedbythreetribesfromNorthernEurope:theAngles,SaxonsandJutes.TheylandedontheBritishcoastandbuiltthekingdomsoftheirown.Bythe7thcenturyAD,thesesmallkingdomswerecombinedintoaunitedkingdomcalledEngland.ThethreedialectsspokenbythemgrewintoasinglelanguagecalledAnglo-Saxon,orOldEnglish.ThethreetribesinvadingBritain,theAngles,SaxonsandJutesatfirstalllivedalongthenorthwesterncoastofEurope.Inthoseancienttimes,thelivingconditionsareveryhard.Tosurvive,theyhadtofightagainstthewildbeasts,struggleagainsttheforceofnature,whichremainedmysteriousandunknowntothem.TheAnglo-Saxonswerebravebutsuperstitious.Whentheyreturnedfromtheirexploitsandvoyages,thewarriorswouldtellstoriesofverystrangemonstersthatlivedbeneaththesea,orinthedarkforests.JustundersuchconditionsdidthestoryBeowulfcomeintobeing.2教学过程3.OldEnglishPoetry:MuchofOldEnglishpoetrywasprobablyintendedtobechanted,withharpaccompaniment,bytheAnglo-Saxonbard.Oftenboldandstrong,butalsomournfulandelegiacinspirit,thispoetryemphasizesthesorrowandultimatefutilityoflifeandthehelplessnessofhumansbeforethepoweroffate.Generallyspeaking,alltheoldEnglishpoetrythathassurvivedcanbedividedintotwogroups:thesecularpoetryandthereligiousone.Thereligiousgroupismainlyonbiblicalthemesoronsaints’lives.Suchpoemssuggesthowthechurchanditspoetsbelievedthetruefunctionofartwasnotsimplytoreleasefeelingbuttoteachothersandenhancedevotion.Inadditiontothesereligiouscompositions,OldEnglishpoetsproducedthenationalepicpoem,Beowulf,andanumberofmoreorlesslyricalpoemsofshorterlength,whichdonotcontainspecificChristiandoctrineandwhichevoketheAnglo-Saxonsenseoftheharshnessofcircumstanceandthesadnessofthehumanlot.Mostoftheseculargrouparelaments,thelamentofanexile,ofamasterlessbard,ahungrysailoronthewintryseas,awifepartedfromherhusband.TheharshclimateofNorthSeastronglyaffectedthetoneormoodofthepoets.Thelifeissorrowful,andthespeakersarefatalistic,thoughatthesametimecourageousanddetermined.4.Beowulf:BeowulfisthefirstgreatEnglishliteraryworkandisregardedasthenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons.However,theheroandthesettingofBeowulfhavenothingtodowithEngland.Thepoemwasoriginallyinanoralform,sungbythebardsattheendofthe6thcentury.Thepresentscriptwaswrittendowninthe10thcentury.Beginningandendingwiththefuneralofagreatking,andcomposedagainstabackgroundofimpendingdisaster,BeowulfdescribestheherpicdeedsofaScandinavianculturehero,Beowulf,indestroyingthemonsterGrendel,Grendel’smother,andafire-breathingdragon.InthesesequencesBeowulfisshownnotonlyasagloriousherobutasasaviorofthepeople.4.1TheStoryThepoemopenswithpraiseofthedeedsoftheDanes,Scyldtheirking,andhisdescendants.Oneofthese,Hrothgar,buildsagreathall,whichhasbeenlaidwastefor12yearsbyamonsternamedGrendel.Beowulf,thenephewofHigelac,kingoftheGeats,andafamedslayerofmonsters,hearingofthetrouble,comeswith14companionsacrosstheseatogiveassistanceandmortallywounded.theDanesrejoiceoverthevictory;andHrothgarrewardsBeowulf.Butinthenightthatfollows,Grendel’smother,awater-hag,entersthehalltorevengeherson.Beowulffollowshertohercaveunderthewavesandfightswithher,andcutsoffthewitch’shead,and3教学过程alsotheheadofGrendel,whoislyinginthecave.BeowulfandhisGeatsreturntotheirnativeland,thensucceedstothekingdom,wherehereignsforfiftyyears.Andnow,afire-dragonstartstodevastatethecountry.Beowulfandelevencompanionsgoouttofightthemonster.Thefire-dragonisfinallykilledbyBeowulf,buthehimselfisenvelopedinflamesandhopelesslywoundedanddies.Thepoemendswiththedescriptionofthehero’sfuneralandthepeople’spanegyricofhisvirtues.4.2TheStructureTThheeppooeemmccaannbbeeddiivviiddeeddiinntto