123—————————4:(1)Tmg2xu(x,t);(3)ρ4x—x+∆xBx0coscos12=−αβTTyttSuTT∆=−ραβsinsin125xuOT1T2αβxx+∆xB61coscos)1(≈≈αβxxxxxuus=≈=≈∆+ααββsin;in)2(xuxuxSx∆≈+∆=∆+∆=∆222)(1)()()3(TTTTT==⇒≈1212xttxxxxxxuuuT∆=−∆+ρ)||(y220||limxuxuuxxxxxx∂∂=∆−∆+→∆7x∆x0),(),(2222=∂∂−∂∂xtxuTttxuρf(x,t)ρ),(),(),(22222txfxtxuattxu=∂∂−∂∂ρ/Ta=————81xu(x,t);(2)ρYoungY(3)BxxdxxxttYSuYSuuSdx||)(−=+ρBxx+dxACuu+du9Sdx→0ρρYaTa==0),(),(2222=∂∂−∂∂xtxuYttxuρ0),(),(22222=∂∂−∂∂xtxuattxua10Euler1p=P(r,t)-P0—(P0,P(r,t)r=(x,y,z);2ρ(r,t):;3v(r,t)(x,y,z)dV=dxdydz(1):dV11yxzdydxdzO(ρvy)|y(ρvy)|y+dy•12[]()()[]()()[]xxdxxxzzdzzzyydyyyvvdzdyvvdydxvvdxdzdxdydzt|||||)(|)(ρρρρρρρ+−++−++−=∂∂+++dxdydz()()()0=∂∂+∂∂+∂∂+∂∂zyxvzvyvxtρρρρ0)(=⋅∇+∂∂vρρt13(2)x()()||xxdxxdvdxdydzdydzPPdtρ+=−+xx+∆xx14y()ydyyyPPdydzdtdvdxdydz||)(+−=+ρz()zdzzzPPdydxdtdvdxdydz||)(+−=+ρPdtd−∇=vρ——ρPvxvyvz,153P=p+P0ρs),(sPPρ=)(ρPP=ρρρ′+=0()[]0000;()()sddtttPpρρρρρρρρρρ∂∂′=++⋅∇≈∂∂∂′′≈∇⋅=∇⋅+≈∇⋅∂vvvvvvvv16000;;sPPPttρρρρρ′∂∂∂′+∇⋅==−∇=∂∂∂vv0222=∇−∂′∂Ptρ02222=′∇−∂′∂ρρct17E;B;H;DMaxwell00ργρPPcs=∂∂=02222=∇−∂∂pctp0;0;0;0=∂∂−×∇=∂∂+×∇=⋅∇=⋅∇ttDHBEDB18∇×∇×=∇∇-∇2EH,∇EDHBεµ==;;0;00;0=⋅∇=⋅∇=∂∂−×∇=∂∂+×∇HEEHHEµεεµtt0;0222222=∂∂−∇=∂∂−∇ttHHEEµεµε0;0=⋅∇=⋅HE19—u(r,t);J(r,t)—),(),(tuDtrrJ∇−=),(tqturJ=⋅∇+∂∂20Dq2(,)uDuqtt∂−∇=∂r22(,)(,)(,)uxtuxtDqxttx∂∂−=∂∂21—T(r,t)J(r,t)———κ),(),(tTtrrJ∇−=κqtee=⋅∇+∂∂J22eJeqqTtTCv=∇−∂∂2κρDκDijκij(i,j=1,2,3),233311(,)(,);iijiijjjjjutTtJDJxxκ==∂∂=−=−∂∂∑∑rr),(),(),(31,2tqxxtTttTCjijiijvrrr=∂∂∂−∂∂∑=κρρ(r),0;=×∇=⋅∇EEερ24φ(x,y,z)ρ(r)=0SchrodingermVSchrodingerφ−∇=Eερφ/2−=∇02=∇φψψψVmti+∇−=∂∂222==——Laplace——Poisson2511.20)()(222=+tudttudωtBtAtuωωcossin)(+=——Cauchy——02222=∂∂−∂∂xutu26txtx+=−=ηξ;02=∂∂∂ηξu)()(ηξFGu+=)()(),(txGtxFtxu−++=——Cauchy)(|);(|00xguxfuttt====[]∫+−+++−=txtxdssgtxftxftxu)(21)()(21),(27————28(),(),t=0)0,(|),();0,(|),(00rrrrTtTututt====)(),();(|),(00rrrrψϕ=∂∂===ttttutu291Bn),(|),(tutuBrrBr=∈10|),(|),(00====lxtxutxu0lx••3020|),,(22==+RyxtyxuxyR0|),,(==Rrtruϑφφ=⋅∇=∂∂nr)(),,(utnuBB310;0|),(0=∂∂===lxxxuYtxu0l323α=0β=0),(tnuuBrψβα=∂∂+02=∇−∂∂TtTCvκρ33),,,(|),,,(0tzyxtzyxTtψ==BBThnT|)(ϑκ−=∂∂−ϑκ=∂∂+BnThTBϑ34x=0,nx=-1,x=l,nx=1,ϑκ=∂∂−=0xxThTϑκ=∂∂+=lxxThTnx=1l0nx=-135(1)(2)(3)(4):1pρ1c1ρ2c20),,,(=Btzyxp362p0),,,(=∂∂Bntzyxp370=∂∂+Bnppβαρ1c1ρ2c2;;pp==vv2121nnPt−∇=∂∂v0ρ21221111ppnPnP=∂∂=∂∂ρρ3811.3∑∑==+∂∂+∂∂∂==njiniiijiijcxbxxaLfuL1,12][(x1,x2,…,xn),u(x1,x2,…,xn),u1:f=0;2f≠0;393aij,bi,c(x1,x2,…,xn)4aij,bi,c(x1,x2,…,xn)u1u2f1f2,u=u1+u2f=f1+f2,1111][;][fuLfuL==——u=u1+u2f=f1+f2fuL=][40fcuububuauauayxyyxyxx=+++++212212112a11a12a22b1b2cfxy==⇒==),(),(),(),(yxyxyyxxηηξξηξηξ41Jacobi0),(),(≠∂∂∂∂∂∂∂∂=∂∂=yyxxyxJηξηξηξfCuuBuBuAuAuA=+++++ηξηηξηξξ212212112++=+++=++=2)(22221221122221211122221221111yyxxyyxyyxyxyyxxaaaAaaaAaaaAηηηηηξξηξηηξξξξξ42==++++=++++=fFcCbbaaaBbbaaaByxyyxyxxyxyyxyxxηηηηηξξξξξ21221211221221211122A11A22ξ=ξ(x,y)η=η(x,y)(I)0222212211=++yyxxzazzaza——A11A2243z=z(x,y)z(x,y)=C()022212211=+−adxdyadxdyaϕ(x,y)=C()z=ϕ(x,y)(1)Iξ(x,y)=C1η(x,y)=C244(I)1122112121211221121212aaaaadxdyaaaaadxdy−−=−+=(1)02211212−aaa21),(),(CyxCyx==ηξ45),(),,(yxyxηηξξ==()(II)212112fCuuBuBAu−++−=ηξξη2/)(,2/)(ηξβηξα−=+=),,,(βαβαββααuuuuΦ=−——46(2)02211212=−aaaξ(x,y)=C1),(yxξξ=ξ(x,y)η(x,y)A11=0,A12=0,),,,(ηξηξηηuuuΦ=——47(3)02211212−aaaξ(x,y)=η*(x,y)),(),,(yxyx∗==ξηξξ()(III)212112fCuuBuBAu−++−=ηξξη(II)III)ξηη=ξ*48−==+==⇒−=+=2/)()Re(2/)()Re(ηξηβηξξαβαηβαξii(III)),,,(βαβαββααuuuuΦ=+1a11,a12,a22x,y249Tricomi02222=∂∂+∂∂yuxuyOxyy0y0y=0a11=y,a12=0,a22=1yaaa−=−2211212012=+dxdyy(1)50(2)12/3320Cyixdyyidx=±⇒=±2/332;yx==ηξ0=−±dyydx2/32/3)(2;)(2yxyx−+=−−=ηξ031=++ηηηηξξuuu3351(3)xy=0,0)()(61=−−−ηξξηηξuuu5211.453:,t,t=0,t0)(|),(0rrψ==tttu,)(|),(0rrϕ==ttu——54(2):Laplace,,,),(tnuuBrψβα=∂∂+——(3):,t=0,555612357fff58Cauchyt0:Cauchy?:?t059LaplaceCauchy),(),(|);(|),(,0,0002222∞−∞∈==∞−∞∈=∂∂+∂∂==xxuxuxyyuxuyyyψϕ+++=∫ydtitxiyxyxu0)()(Re),(ψϕ——δψnxnksin−=60[]nxnynynuksin)exp()exp(211−−=−δ∞→→∞→unδδψ;0;——GyxyxfuGyxyxgyuxuG∂∈=∈=∂∂−∂∂∂),(),,(|),(),,(222261lyππ=yxlymlxnAyxusinsin),(,....)2,1,(,//==nmnmllxylxly/lx:,ly/lx:,——62)(|,0||0),,0(,00022xuuutlxxututlxxϕ===∈=∂∂−∂∂===22210(,)expsin,(0)1()sinnnlnntnxuxtAtllnxAxdxllπππϕ∞==−=∑∫63=−lxkkπδϕsin2ππ−=δlxkltkkusinexp1222264