最新经典分词做状语

•V-ingform作定语是用来说明被修饰语所具备的性质或动作状态的,则被称为现在分词。•V－ingform作定语是用来说明被修饰语的用途的，则称为动名词(Gerund).•1)aswimmingman=amanwhoisswimming•aswimmingpool=apoolthatisusedforswimming作定语时，与现在分词的区别动名词作定语表名词的作用或功能，现在分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作。现在分词动名词asleepingchild一个正在睡觉的孩子asleepingcar一辆卧车aflyingbird一只正在飞翔的鸟aflyingcourse飞行课程aswimminggirl一个正在游泳的女孩aswimmingpool一个游泳池therunningwater自来水therunningtrack跑道动名词的形式•一般式主动语态用doing,被动语态用beingdone•完成时主动语态用havingdone,被动语态用havingbeendone.1)V-ing(与句中谓语动词同时或基本同时发生Seeinghermother,shecried.Whenshesawhermother,2).havingdone(先于谓语动词发生)Havingfinishedmyhomework,Iranouttoplaywithmyfriend.AfterIfinishedmywork,•1)V-ed(一般式)whenofferedhelp,oneoftensays:“thankyou。2)beingdone(与句中谓语动词同时发生,一般作原因状语位于句首),Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant.3)havingbeendone(先于谓语动词发生)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake二。分词的否定形式：在分词前面加Not否定式常用“not+doing/having(been)done”•Nothavingreceivedhisletter,Ibegantoworry.•AsIdidn’treceivehisletter,Ibegantoworry.•Notknowingwhattodo,heleft.三。分词的用法：1）作宾语补足语IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroom.IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbyalittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroom.2)作定语Thehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.Themanstandingbythewindowismyfather.Thingslostnevercomeagain.boilingwaterboiledwater4）现在分词作状语：•3)作状语：可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随状况等。•A）作时间状语：•(While)Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。•B）作原因状语：•BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。•ashewasa•C）作方式状语，表示伴随：•Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.他呆在家里，又擦又洗。•E）作结果状语：•Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。•F）作目的状语：•Hewentswimmingtheotherday.几天前他去游泳了。•G）作让步状语：•Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。•H）与逻辑主语构成独立主格：.•Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead.我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上•Timepermitting,we’lldoanothertwoexercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。3)作状语：可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随状况等。Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.Surroundedbythestudents,theteacherstoodthere.Theteachercamein,simlingonherface.1.Havingbeenusedformanyyears,thecomputerneedsrepairing.2.Beingusedbyme,thebikecan’tbelenttohim.3.Havingheardthegoodnews,shecouldn’thelplaughing4.Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.5Hisnotcomingmadeallofusangry.•1.Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.•Whentheyheardthenews,•2.Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep•Ashewasangry,•2,Givenenoughtime,Icandoitbetter•IfIamgivenenoughtime•5.Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.•whenthecityisseenfromthehill,•1.Tiredafterthetrip,hesoonfellasleep.•＝Becausehewastiredafterthetrip,hesoonfellasleep.•2.Givenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.•=IfIhadbeengivenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.3.Lostinthought,healmostranintoacar.4.Theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.=Theteachercameinandhewasfollowedbysomestudents.5.Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.=Whenthecityisseenfromthehill,itlookslikeagarden.=Becausehewaslostinthought,healmostranintoacar.•现在完成时结构、has/Havedone•Havebeendone•Ihavefinishedmywork•Thewoehasbeenfinished.•5).having(been)done,表示先于谓语动词发生的（被动）动作。如：否定nothavingdone1.Havingfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.AfterIfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.mywork,Iwenthome.•2）完成时表示先于主语动词发生。例如：•分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用havingdone。.•Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentout.••=afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewentout.=Afterhefinishedhishomework,….1).Havinglivedinthecityformanyyears,heknewitverywell.=Ashehadlivedinthecityformanyyears,2).Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldheletitpassaway?=Asyouhadbeengiven否定式常用“not+doing/having(been)done”•Nothavingreceivedhisletter,Ibegantoworry.•AsIdidn’treceivehisletter,Ibegantoworry.•Seeingthetiger,shewasfrightened.•Whenshesawthetiger,shewasfrightened.•Notseeingthetiger,shewasnotfrigntened.•1.Beingateacher,Imustbeaspatientaspossiblewithmystudents.•=(AsIamateacher)•2.Beingpoor,hecouldn’tgotoschool.•Ashewaspoor,…..3.作状语1.Seeingtheteacherenteringtheroom,thestudentsstoodup.Whenthestudentssawtheteacherenteringtheroom,thestudentsstoodup.时间2.Beingastudent,=(ashewasastudent,)hewasinterestedinsports.原因3.Havingwrittentheletter,Johnwenttothepostoffice.=Afterhewrotetheletter,……现在分词作状语时，注意如下三点：相当于相应的从句分词的逻辑主语就是全句的主语现在分词作状语时有不同的时态与语态•典型例题___areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.•A,NotreceivingB.Receivingnot•C.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived分词的否定式的构成为not+分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Becausehehadnotreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.•2)._____whattodo,thelittlechildstoodthere,puzzled.•A.HavingnottoldB.Nothavingtold•C.NothavingbeentoldD.NottoldC•注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句•的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，•分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。•例如：•Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.=asithasbeenusedforalongtime,….•由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。•Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.=whileIamusingthebook,….•在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。连词+分词（短语）有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。连词有：when，while，ifthough，after,before,as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。例如：Whilewaitingthere,hesawtwoprettygirlscomeoutofthebuilding.等在那儿时，他看见两个靓妹走出大楼。（waiting和saw的主语相同）•24.______thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshe’dlikethatlittledollonherbed.•A.SeeingB.Tosee•C.SeeD.Seen•EX：1):_____Chinese,theforeignerturnedtotheguideforhelp.•A.Knowingno•B.Noknowing•C.Notknowingsome•D.Nottoknow•2)._____whattodo,theli