考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译(1994-2012)

沪江考研考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译（1994－2012）2012PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Comeon–Everybody’sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas根据第一段，同龄人的压力通常以什么样的状态出现：[A]asupplementtothesocialcure对于社会治疗的补充[B]astimulustogroupdynamics对于团队活力的刺激[C]anobstacletoschoolprogress学校进步的阻碍沪江考研[D]acauseofundesirablebehaviors一些不良行为的原因解析：这是一个细节题：对应文中Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.题干中的often对应原文中的usually;选项中undesirablebehaviors对应nogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.lead对于cause.完美替换，四级难度，出题人很仁慈。22.Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesshould罗森博格认为公共支持者应该：[A]recruitprofessionaladvertisers招募职业的广告人[B]learnfromadvertisers’experience从广告人那里学习经验[C]stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers远离商业广告人[D]recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements认识到广告的局限性解析：本题为细节题，根据题干定位到：三段最后一句：Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.这样的句子的理解难点是一个短语：takeapagefrom向谁学习，如果不懂，可以看后面的soskilledatapplying，也能熟练的运用，一个“也”道出天机，小词有大乾坤啊!23.Intheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfailsto作者认为Rosenberg未能：[A]adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors足够的探究社会和生物因素[B]effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure有效地逃避社会治疗的缺点[C]illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding例证出国家基金的功能[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffect产生长期的社会影响解析：细节题问观点;对应句子Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.指出不足;后面一句中的主语JointheClub为此人所写，所以后面的表述就是他的观点：notenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.：完美替换exploration对probe;24.Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors第五段表明对于行为的模仿：[A]isharmfultoournetworksoffriends对于朋友的网络是有害的[B]willmisleadbehavioralstudies会误导对于行为的研究[C]occurswithoutourrealizingit在没有意识到的时候就出现了[D]canproducenegativehealthhabits会产生不良的健康习惯解析：细节题;对应句子Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.对unconsciously完美替换。25.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis作者在最后一段中认为同龄人压力的效果是：沪江考研[A]harmful[B]desirable[C]profound[D]questionable解析：局部态度题对应Farlesscertain,however,is…Thetacticneverreallyworks…表明作者对于这个事物的看法是不确定的所以选最后一个。Text2Adealisadeal-except,apparently,whenEntergyisinvolved.Thecompany,amajorenergysupplierinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestrictnuclearregulations.Instead,thecompanyhasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnotchallengetheconstitutionalityofVermont’srulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofadesperateefforttokeepitsVermontYankeenuclearpowerplantrunning.It’sastunningmove.Theconflicthasbeensurfacingsince2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowerplant,anagingreactorinVernon.