一、水质稳定指数的计算1.饱和指数(L.S.I.)L.S.I.=pH-pHs0结垢L.S.I.=pH-pHs=0不腐蚀不结垢L.S.I.=pH-pHs0腐蚀其中pHs=(9.70+A+B)-(C+D)式中A——总溶解固体系数;B——温度系数;C——钙硬度系数;D——M-碱度系数。2.稳定指数(R.S.I.)R.S.I.=2pHs-pH6结垢R.S.I.=2pHs-pH=6不结垢不腐蚀R.S.I.=2pHs-pH6腐蚀3.结垢指数(P.S.I.)P.S.I.=2pHs-pHeq6结垢P.S.I.=2pHs-pHeq=6稳定P.S.I.=2pHs-pHeq6腐蚀其中pHeq=1.465lg[M-碱度]+4.54式中M-碱度——系统中水的总碱度(以碳酸钙计),mg/L。表1A、B、C、D系数换算表总溶解固体/(mg/L)A温度/℃B450.0702.60600.0822.54800.0942.491050.1062.441400.1182.391750.12102.342200.13152.212750.14202.093400.15251.984200.16301.885200.17351.796400.18401.718000.19451.6310000.20501.5512500.21551.4816500.22601.4022000.23651.3331000.24701.27≥4000≤130000.25801.16钙硬度或M-碱度(以CaCO3计)/(mg/L)C或者D钙硬度或M-碱度(以CaCO3计)/(mg/L)C或者D101.001202.08121.081302.11141.151402.15161.201502.18181.261602.20201.301702.23251.401802.26301.481902.28351.542002.30401.602502.40451.653002.48501.703502.54551.744002.60601.784502.65651.815002.70701.855502.74751.886002.78801.906502.81851.937002.85901.957502.88951.988002.901002.008502.931052.029002.951102.04表2由总碱度查平衡pH值总碱度的百位数(CaCO3计)/(mg/L)总碱度的十位数(CaCO3计)/(mg/L)01020304050607080900—6.006.456.706.897.037.147.247.337.401007.477.537.597.647.687.737.777.817.847.882007.917.947.978.008.038.058.088.108.138.153008.178.198.218.238.258.278.298.308.328.344008.358.378.388.408.418.438.448.468.478.485008.498.518.528.538.548.568.578.588.598.606008.618.628.638.648.658.668.678.688.698.707008.718.728.738.748.748.758.768.778.788.798008.798.808.818.828.828.838.848.858.858.869008.878.888.888.898.908.908.918.928.928.93二、水质稳定判断1.Langelier饱和指数L.S.I.=pH-pHs>0结垢L.S.I.=pH-pHs=0不腐蚀不结垢L.S.I.=pH-pHs<0腐蚀其中:pHs=PKz-PKs+Pca+PM-碱度+2.5μKz、Ks以活度表示的碳酸的二级电离常数和碳酸钙的溶度积M碱度以甲基橙为指示剂所测定的总碱度μ离子强度也可将上式进行简化如下:pHs=(9.7+A+B)-(C+D)A总溶解固体系数;B温度系数;C钙硬度系数;DM碱度系数.A、B、C、D系数换算表:总溶解固体mg/lA温度℃B钙硬度或M-碱度(以CaCO3计)mg/lC或D钙硬度或M-碱度(以CaCO3计)mg/lC或D45608010514017522027534042052064080010001250165022003100≥4000≤130000.070.080.090.100.110.120.130.140.150.160.170.180.190.200.210.220.230.240.250246810152025303540455055606570802.602.542.492.442.392.342.212.091.981.881.791.711.631.551.481.401.331.271.161012141618202530354045505560657075808590951001051101201.001.081.151.201.261.301.401.481.541.601.651.701.741.781.811.851.881.901.931.951.982.002.022.042.081301401501601701801902002503003504004505005506006507007508008509002.112.152.182.202.232.262.282.302.402.482.542.602.652.702.742.782.812.852.882.902.932.952.Ryznar稳定指数R.S.I是由雷兹纳在实际工作中总结出的一个经验公式,计算式如下:R.S.I.=2pHs–pH<6结垢R.S.I.=2pHs–pH=6不腐蚀不结垢R.S.I.=2pHs–pH>6腐蚀同L.S.I相比,R.S.I更接近实际,但同L.S.I一样未考虑水处理因素对结垢的影响,因此也只能对未作处理的原水作判断。3.Puckorius结垢指数P.S.I是帕科拉兹在稳定指数R.S.I的基础上提出来的一个经验公式,他用平衡pH,即PHeq代替R.S.I计算公式中的实测pH。P.S.I比R.S.I更接近实际。PHeq的计算公式如下:PHeq=1.465lgM+4.54R.S.I.=2pHs–pHeq<6结垢R.S.I.=2pHs–pHeq=6不腐蚀不结垢R.S.I.=2pHs–pHeq>6腐蚀M系统中水的总碱度(以CaCO3计),mg/l由于P.S.I只是用总碱度对R.S.I进行修正,也未考虑到人为的水处理措施对结垢的影响,因此在实际应用中具有较大的局限性。pHeq=1.465lgM+4.544.临界pH结垢指数临界PH结垢指数是由法特诺提出来的。他用实验的方法测出结垢时水的真实PH值,即PHc。用PHc与日常运行时的PH比较,当PH大于PHc时,水就要结垢,当PH小于PHc时,不结垢,但是否腐蚀还要考虑其它因素。临界PH结垢指数由于是由实验方法得出来的,已考虑了结垢所有影响因素,准确度较高。但工作量大,对实验条件及工作人员的要求也较高,因此临界PH结垢指数在日常运用中也受到限制。