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弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德FrancisScottFitzgerald（1896－1940)英语1006班王强张涛•LifeandCareer•MajorWorks•FitzgeraldandtheJazzAge•TheAmericanDream•WritingStyleMajorTopics•BorninSt.Paul,MinnesotaonSeptember24,1896•HadanexpensiveeducationinprivateschoolsatPrinceton.•Duetoillnessandneglectofacademicstudy,helefttheuniversityin1917withoutgraduation.Lifeandcareer•MarriedZeldaSayre,whoexertedastronginfluenceonhisliterarycareerandhispersonallife.Shewastheprototypeofaseriesofrich,beautifulwomenwhofigureprominentlyinhisfiction.•Theyoungcouplefrequentlywentabroadandlivedextravagantlyaluxuriouslife.•Tokeepearningenoughmoney,Fitzgeraldwroteshortstoriesandnovelsatarapidspeed.Lifeandcareer•The1930sbroughtrelentlessdeclineforFitzgeraldwithaseriesofmisfortunes:hisreputationdeclined,hiswealthfell,hishealthfailed.•Zeldahadsufferedfromsomeseriousmentalbreakdownswhichconfinedherinasanitarium(疗养院)fortherestofherlife.•Alcoholism,lonelinessanddespaircombinedtoruinFitzgerald.Hediedin1940ofaheartattack.LifeandcareerMajorworks•novel•ThisSideofParadise《天堂的另一面》:Hisfirstnovel.Itwonforhimwealthandfame.•TheBeautifulandDamned《漂亮冤家》又名《美丽与毁灭》•TheGreatGatsby《了不起的盖茨比/长岛春梦》:Hismasterpiece.ItmadehimoneofthegreatestAmericannovelists.•TenderistheNight《夜色温柔》.•TheLastTycoon《最后的大亨》:Hislastnovel.Itremainsunfinished.Majorworks•shortstories:•FlappersandPhilosophers(1921)《时髦女和哲学家》•TalesoftheJazzAge(1922)《爵士乐时代的故事》•AlltheSadYoungMan(1926)《一代悲哀的年轻人》•TapsatReveille(1935)《早晨的起床号》•BabylonRevisited（1931）《重访巴比伦》FitzgeraldandtheJazzAge•TheJazzAge:Itreferstothe1920s,atimemarkedbyfrivolity(轻松快活),carelessness,hedonism(享乐主义)andexcitementinthelifeoftheflamingyouth.Fitzgeraldislargelyresponsibleforthetermandmanyofhisliteraryworksportrayit.TheJazzAgeisbroughtvividlytolifeinTheGreatGatsby.FitzgeraldandtheJazzAge•MostcriticshaveagreedthatFitzgeraldisbothaninsiderandanoutsideroftheJazzAge.Fitzgerald'sfictionalworldisthebestembodimentofthespiritoftheJazzAge,inwhichheshowsaparticularinterestintheupper-classsociety,especiallytheupper-classyoungpeople.FitzgeraldandtheAmericanDream•theAmericanDreamisapopularbeliefthatpeoplecanachievesuccess,whetheritiswealth,fameorlovethroughhonesthardworkinginanewworldofliberty,equality,chancesandpromises.Fitzgerald'sfictionsoftendealwiththebankruptcyoftheAmericanDream,whichishighlightedbythedisillusionmentoftheprotagonists'personaldreamsduetotheclashesbetweentheirromanticvisionoflifeandthesordidreality.•Fitzgerald‘sownlifewasamirrorofthe1920s.Hewasthevictimofhis“AmericanDream.”Hewasfascinatedwithmaterialwealthononehandbywritinghardtoaccumulatewealthtoliveanextravagant(铺张的)life,yetwasbewildered(使迷惑)withthewealthontheother,fullyawareoftheunderlyingspiritualdisorientationandmoraldecay.Finallyinhislife,alcoholism,lonelinessanddespaircombinedtoruinhim.FitzgeraldandtheAmericanDreamWritingStyle•FitzgeraldisconsideredasagreatstylistinAmericanliterature.Hisstyle,closelyrelatedtohisthemes,isexplicitandchilly.Hisaccuratedialogues,hiscarefulobservationofmannerism,styles,modelsandattitudesprovidethereaderwithavividsenseofreality.Heusedthescenicmethodinhischapters,eachoneofwhichconsistsofoneormoredramaticscenes,sometimeswithinterveningpassagesofnarration,leavingthetediousprocessoftransitiontothereaders‘imagination.•Fitzgerald‘sproseissmooth,sensitive,andcompletelyoriginalinitsdictionandmetaphors.WritingStyle•ManyofFitzgerald’sworksarehalfautobiographyproperties.•Becausehemarriedwithatypicalsouthwoman,FitzgeraldshowedinterestinthesouthernUnitedStatesinhisnovels.Thehomesicknessandnostalgiaemotionstothesouthernandtheawarenessandhelplessonthenorthandsouthofthecontrastprovidebackgroundandfundamentalkeyformanyofhisnovels.•Fitzgeraldcreatedakindofrefreshingliteraturefeminineimageinhisnovels.Theyweretrendy,independentandattractive.Intheotherhand,theyhadthecouragetopursuetheirhappinessatanycost.ThesetypicalheroinesinJazzAgealsobecamethecharacteristicsandmarksofFitzgerald’snovels.WritingStyle•AlthoughthemostfamousworksofFitzgeraldarehisnovels,hisshortnovelsarealsoveryfeatures.Infact,duringhislifetime,hisshortstoriesgivehimacommercialsuccessandgethimtowinthegeneralpublicrecognition,ratherthanhisnovels.•Fitzgerald’snovelsgotpraiseofthefield,butitdidn’tbringsignificantincomeforhimsuchashehopeditwould.Towriteshortstoriesforpopularmagazinesbecamethewaytomaintainhisupper-classlife.Therefore,Fitzgerald'sshortstoriesaregenerallystrongentertaining.Theyhavechoicerandtwistedlayout,exquisiteandluxurianttextandwittystyle.TheyoftenownO.Henry’stypicalunexpectedending.Ifyoureadthem,theywillmakeyouintogreatenjoyment.